{"id":9165,"date":"2023-03-15T10:20:57","date_gmt":"2023-03-15T10:20:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/?p=9165"},"modified":"2023-03-15T12:16:40","modified_gmt":"2023-03-15T12:16:40","slug":"albino-albinizm-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/albino-albinizm-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Albino (Albinizm) Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Albino (Albinizm)<\/a> Nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Albinizm; g\u00f6z, deri ve sa\u00e7larda \u00e7ok az veya hi\u00e7 renk pigmentinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir genetik hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Hastal\u0131k, v\u00fccuttaki renk verici pigment olan melaninin baz\u0131 nedenlerden dolay\u0131 az veya hi\u00e7 \u00fcretilememesi sonucu olu\u015fur. Albinizm hastalar\u0131na halk aras\u0131nda albino denir.<\/p>\n

Bu ki\u015filerde sa\u00e7lar, g\u00f6zler ve derilerindeki belirgin renk de\u011fi\u015fimleri en belirgin bulgulardand\u0131r. Fakat baz\u0131 vakalarda renk de\u011fi\u015fimi \u00e7ok belirgin de\u011fildir. Ciltlerinden meydana gelen bu renk de\u011fi\u015fimleri albino hastalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015fe kar\u015f\u0131 oluk\u00e7a hassas olmalar\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n

Bu hassasiyetten dolay\u0131 cilt kanserine yakalanma riskleri y\u00fcksektir. Cilde rengini veren melanin pigmenti ayr\u0131ca g\u00f6rme i\u015flevinde yer alan optik sinirin geli\u015fmesinde de rol oynar. Bu y\u00fczden bu ki\u015filerde g\u00f6rme kusurlar\u0131 da olur.<\/p>\n

Albino (Albinizm) <\/strong>Neden Olur?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Albinizm, genetik bir kusur nedeniyle v\u00fccudun melanin \u00fcretip da\u011f\u0131tamamas\u0131n\u0131n sonucudur. Melanin, v\u00fccutta sa\u00e7, k\u0131l, cilt ve g\u00f6z\u00fcn irisine renk veren do\u011fal bir maddedir. Tamamen anne babadan miras kalarak olu\u015fur. Ve do\u011fu\u015ftan gelir.<\/p>\n

D\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7evresel etmenlerin bir etkisi yoktur. Genelde sadece d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc etkileyen bir durum gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de asl\u0131nda g\u00f6rme bozuklu\u011fu veya azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile birlikte geli\u015fir. Hastal\u0131k geni v\u00fccut kromozomlar\u0131nda \u00e7ekinik olarak ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ocuklarda g\u00f6r\u00fclme ihtimali de anne ve babadaki gen \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n

En yayg\u0131n iki kal\u0131t\u0131m formu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
    \n
  • \n

    X\u2019e Ba\u011fl\u0131 Kal\u0131t\u0131m Formu:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Albinizmin en yayg\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclen formu X kromozumunun hasar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen formudur. Ok\u00fcler Albinizm (OA) sahibi olan erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 annelerinden ge\u00e7en bir X kromozomuna sahiptirler.<\/p>\n

    Hatal\u0131 X kromozomu ta\u015f\u0131yan annelerin erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131nda % 50 oran\u0131nda bu hastal\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. K\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131nda ise babalar\u0131 OA sahibi olmad\u0131k\u00e7a ya ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131d\u0131rlar. Ya da hi\u00e7 etkilenmezler.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      Otozomal Resesif (\u00c7ekinik-Bask\u0131n Olmayan) Kal\u0131t\u0131m Formu:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Albinizmin daha az rastlanan formu ise otozomal resesif genlerin kusurundan kaynaklanan albinizmdir. Ebeveynlerin her ikisi de hatal\u0131 resesif gen ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu durumda bebekleri de efektif (etkili) gene sahip olur.<\/p>\n

      Y\u00fczde 25 oran\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir \u00e7ocukta albinizm g\u00f6r\u00fclmez. K\u0131z ve erkek \u00e7ocuklarda g\u00f6r\u00fclme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n

      Albino (Albinizm) <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Albinizmin genellikle hastada cilt, sa\u00e7, g\u00f6z rengi ve g\u00f6rme problemleri ile kendisini belli eder.<\/p>\n

      Albinizmin belirtileri genellikle \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
        \n
      • \n

        Deri (Cilt-Ten):<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Albinizm hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en bilinen \u00f6zelli\u011fi olup, genellikle hastan\u0131n karde\u015flerine g\u00f6re beyaz sa\u00e7 ve a\u00e7\u0131k renkli cilt ile kendini g\u00f6sterir. Ten rengi (Pigmentasyon) ve sa\u00e7 rengi beyazdan kahverengiye kadar de\u011fi\u015febilir. Ya da albinizmi olmayan anne-baba veya karde\u015flerin rengiyle hemen hemen ayn\u0131 da olabilir. Ok\u00fcler albinizmde cilt belirtileri belirgin olmayabilir. Ya\u015fla beraber artan pigment ve g\u00fcne\u015f maruziyeti ile bronzla\u015fma g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n

          \u00c7iller:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Pigmentli veya genelde pembe renkli pigmentsiz benler g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Hastalarda mercimek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00e7il benzeri noktalar da olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n

            Sa\u00e7:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Hastan\u0131n sa\u00e7 rengi beyazdan kahverengiye kadar de\u011fi\u015febilmektedir. Albinizm hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan Afrika veya Asya k\u00f6kenli insanlar\u0131n sa\u00e7 renkleri sar\u0131, kahverengi veya aras\u0131nda bir tonda olabilir. Hastan\u0131n ilerleyen ya\u015flar\u0131nda maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rlerden kaynakl\u0131 baz\u0131 mineraller, sa\u00e7lar\u0131n lekelenmesine ya da ya\u015fla birlikte daha koyu hale gelmesine sebep olabilir.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \n

              G\u00f6z Rengi:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Albino hastalar\u0131n\u0131n kirpikleri ve ka\u015flar\u0131 genellikle soluktur. G\u00f6z rengi \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k maviden kahverengiye kadar de\u011fi\u015febilir. G\u00f6zlerin renkli k\u0131sm\u0131nda yani iriste pigment eksikli\u011fi nedeniyle yar\u0131 saydam bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\n

              \u0130risteki bu durum hastan\u0131n g\u00f6zlerine \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n girmesini tamamen engelleyemedi\u011fi ve \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7eri girerek de g\u00f6rme keskinli\u011finde azalmaya neden oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu nedenle \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k renkli g\u00f6zler baz\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131klarda k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 olarak da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilirler.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \n

                G\u00f6rme Bozuklu\u011fu:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Albino hastalar\u0131 i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli belirtilerden biridir.<\/p>\n

                Albinizmde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki g\u00f6z problemleri ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
                  \n
                • G\u00f6rme keskinli\u011finin azalmas\u0131<\/li>\n
                • K\u0131smi veya tam g\u00f6rme kayb\u0131<\/li>\n
                • G\u00f6z i\u00e7erisinde \u0131\u015f\u0131k sa\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa duyarl\u0131l\u0131k (Fotofobi)<\/li>\n
                • Normal sinir yollar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmeyen retinadaki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendirilmesi (Optik sinir liflerinin anormal \u00e7aprazlanmas\u0131)<\/li>\n
                • G\u00f6zlerin h\u0131zl\u0131, istemsiz hareketi (Nistagmus)<\/li>\n
                • \u0130stemsiz g\u00f6z hareketlerini azaltmak ve daha iyi g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in ba\u015f\u0131 sallamak<\/li>\n
                • Her iki g\u00f6z\u00fcn ayn\u0131 noktaya bakamamas\u0131 veya ayn\u0131 anda hareket edememesi (Strabismus\/\u015ea\u015f\u0131l\u0131k)<\/li>\n
                • Uza\u011f\u0131\/Yak\u0131n\u0131 net g\u00f6rememe (Miyopi\/Hipermetropi)<\/li>\n
                • Bulan\u0131k g\u00f6rmeye neden olan g\u00f6z\u00fcn \u00f6n y\u00fczeyinin veya g\u00f6z i\u00e7indeki merce\u011fin anormal e\u011frili\u011fi (Astigmatizm)<\/li>\n
                • Zay\u0131f derinlik alg\u0131s\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Albino (Albinizm) <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrleri Nelerdir? <\/strong><\/h3>\n

                  Farkl\u0131 gen defektleri \u00e7ok say\u0131da albinizm tipini karakterize eder.<\/p>\n

                  Albinizm t\u00fcrleri \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
                    \n
                  • Ok\u00fclok\u00fctan Albinizm (OCA1 – OCA2- OCA3- OCA4)<\/li>\n
                  • Ok\u00fcler Albinizm<\/li>\n
                  • Hermansky-Pudlak Sendromu<\/li>\n
                  • Chediak-Higashi Sendromu<\/li>\n
                  • Griscelli Sendromu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                      \n
                    1. \n

                      Ok\u00fclok\u00fctan Albinizm<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      OCA cildi, sa\u00e7\u0131 ve g\u00f6zleri etkiler. 70 Ki\u015fiden yakla\u015f\u0131k 1\u2019inde OCA geninde mutasyon vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                      Oca\u2019n\u0131n birka\u00e7 alt tipi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                      Ok\u00fclok\u00fctan Albinizm (OCA1)<\/strong><\/h4>\n
                        \n
                      • Albinizm OCA1 veya ok\u00fclok\u00fctan tip 1, genetik bir mutasyonun neden oldu\u011fu bir t\u00fcr genetik hastal\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
                      • OCA1 ciltte, sa\u00e7ta ve g\u00f6zlerde melanin \u00fcretimini etkiler.<\/li>\n
                      • Bu bireyler, pigmentin tamamen yoklu\u011fu nedeniyle beyaz tenli, beyaz sa\u00e7l\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k renkli g\u00f6zlere sahip olacaklard\u0131r.<\/li>\n
                      • OCA1, tirozinaz enzimindeki bir kusurdan kaynaklan\u0131r. OCA1\u2019\u0130N iki alt t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r:<\/li>\n
                      • Oca1a\u2019l\u0131 ki\u015filerde tamamen melanin yoklu\u011fu vard\u0131r. Bu alt tipteki insanlar beyaz sa\u00e7l\u0131, \u00e7ok soluk tenli ve hafif g\u00f6zlere sahiptir.<\/li>\n
                      • Oca1b\u2019li insanlar bir miktar melanin \u00fcretir. A\u00e7\u0131k renkli tenleri, sa\u00e7lar\u0131 ve g\u00f6zleri var. Ya\u015fland\u0131k\u00e7a renkleri artabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Ok\u00fclok\u00fctan Albinizm (OCA2)<\/strong><\/h4>\n
                          \n
                        • Albinizm OCA2 veya ok\u00fclok\u00fctan tip 2, genetik mutasyonun neden oldu\u011fu daha yayg\u0131n bir albinizm t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/li>\n
                        • OCA2, oca1\u2019den baz\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klarla birlikte gelir. Bireyler cilt renginde ve sa\u00e7 renginde bir miktar pigmente sahip olabilirler.<\/li>\n
                        • OCA2, Prader-Willi sendromu gibi di\u011fer nadir genetik bozukluklarla da ili\u015fkili olan P genindeki mutasyondan gelir.<\/li>\n
                        • OCA2, oca1\u2019den daha az \u015fiddetlidir. Ve OCA2 genindeki melanin \u00fcretiminin azalmas\u0131na neden olan bir kusurdan kaynaklan\u0131yor.<\/li>\n
                        • Oca2\u2019li insanlar hafif renkli cilt ile do\u011farlar. Sa\u00e7lar\u0131 sar\u0131, sar\u0131 veya a\u00e7\u0131k kahverengi olabilir.<\/li>\n
                        • OCA1 ve OCA2, k\u00fcresel olarak en yayg\u0131n alt tiplerdir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Ok\u00fclok\u00fctan Albinizm<\/strong> (OCA3)<\/strong><\/h4>\n
                            \n
                          • OCA3, TYRP1 genindeki bir kusurun sonucudur. Genellikle koyu tenli insanlar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle g\u00fcney Afrika\u2019daki Siyah insanlar\u0131 etkiler.<\/li>\n
                          • OCA3 olan ki\u015filerin k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 kahverengi tenleri, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 sa\u00e7lar\u0131 ve ela veya kahverengi g\u00f6zleri vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            Ok\u00fclok\u00fctan Albinizm<\/strong> (OCA4)<\/strong><\/h4>\n
                              \n
                            • OCA4, SLC45A2 proteinindeki bir kusurdan kaynaklan\u0131r. Minimal melanin \u00fcretimi ile sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r ve genellikle Do\u011fu Asya k\u00f6kenli insanlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li>\n
                            • OCA4 olan ki\u015filerde, OCA2 olan ki\u015filerde oldu\u011fu gibi belirtiler g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              Di\u011fer Alt T\u00fcrler<\/strong><\/h4>\n

                              OCA5, OCA6 ve OCA7, oca\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ok nadir g\u00f6r\u00fclen alt tipleridir.<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              1. \n

                                Ok\u00fcler Albinizm<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                Ok\u00fcler albinizm, X kromozomundaki bir gen mutasyonunun sonucudur ve neredeyse sadece erkeklerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

                                Bu Ok\u00fcler albinizmi olan ki\u015filer retina ve iriste renklenmeyi azaltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum cildi veya sa\u00e7\u0131 etkilemez.<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                1. \n

                                  Hermansky-Pudlak Sendromu<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                  Hermansky-Pudlak sendromu, 10 genden birindeki bir kusurun neden oldu\u011fu nadir bir albinizm \u015feklidir. Oca\u2019ya benzer semptomlar \u00fcretir. Sendrom akci\u011fer, ba\u011f\u0131rsak ve kanama bozukluklar\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  1. \n

                                    Chediak-Higashi Sendromu<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                    Chediak-Higashi sendromu, L\u0130ST genindeki bir kusurun sonucu olan nadir g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir ba\u015fka albinizm \u015feklidir. Oca\u2019ya benzer semptomlar \u00fcretir, ancak cildin t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerini etkilemeyebilir.<\/p>\n

                                    D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 500\u2019den az vaka bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

                                    Cilt genellikle kremsi beyaz veya grimsi renktedir. Sa\u00e7lar genellikle g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fi bir parlakl\u0131\u011fa sahip kahverengi veya sar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                                    Bu sendromlu ki\u015filerde beyaz kan h\u00fccrelerinde bir kusur vard\u0131r ve enfeksiyon riskini artt\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    1. \n

                                      Griscelli Sendromu<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                      Griscelli sendromu olduk\u00e7a nadir g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir genetik hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 genden birinin kusurundan kaynaklan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

                                      1978 Ve 2018 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bu sendromun bilinen yakla\u015f\u0131k 150 vakas\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

                                      Albinizm (ancak t\u00fcm v\u00fccudu etkilemeyebilir), ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 ve n\u00f6rolojik sorunlar ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Griscelli sendromu genellikle ya\u015fam\u0131n ilk on y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcmle sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                                      Albino (Albinizm)\u00a0 Nas\u0131l Te\u015fhis Edilir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

                                      Albinizm genelde bebek do\u011fdu\u011fu an anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Bebe\u011fin sa\u00e7\u0131, cildi ve g\u00f6zleri eksik pigment belirtilerini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in incelenebilir. Bunun i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntem\u00a0genetik testi<\/strong>dir. Bu y\u00f6ntemle albinizimle ilgili kusurlu gen tespit edilir. Ayr\u0131ca albinizm bir dizi g\u00f6rme sorununa neden olabilece\u011finden bebek bir\u00a0g\u00f6z uzman\u0131<\/strong>na sevk edilebilir. G\u00f6zdeki problemlerin belirlenmesi i\u00e7in g\u00f6zde \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa hassas h\u00fccrelerin tepkisinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u00a0elektroretinogram testi<\/strong>\u00a0uygulan\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan testlerin neticesine g\u00f6re\u00a0albinizm<\/strong>\u00a0tan\u0131s\u0131 koyulur.<\/p>\n

                                      Albinolar g\u00f6rme kayb\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak devlet taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fczde 40 ila y\u00fczde 90 aras\u0131nda engelli kabul edilir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                      Albino (Albinizm)\u00a0 Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Tedavisi <\/strong>Nas\u0131ld\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

                                      DNA\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bozukluklar sonucu meydana gelen genetik bir hastal\u0131k olan bu durumu t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ge\u00e7iren bir tedavi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Fakat hastan\u0131n cilt, g\u00f6z ve g\u00f6rme sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 en aza indirebilmek i\u00e7in birtak\u0131m \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

                                      Bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tedavi ve takip s\u00fcrecinde dermatoloji, oftalmoloji (g\u00f6z hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve cerrahisi) ve genetik b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir.
                                      \nHastalar sistemli ve d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6z kontrollerini yapt\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ve doktor taraf\u0131ndan verilen g\u00f6zl\u00fck ya da lensleri kullanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                                      Nistagmus (\u015fa\u015f\u0131l\u0131k) problemi bulunan hastalara cerrahi m\u00fcdahale uygulanarak bu durum giderilebilir. Ayr\u0131ca dermatoloji kontrollerinin de d\u00fczenli yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bu hastalara, kontrollerde cilt muayenesi yap\u0131l\u0131rken kansere neden olabilecek leyzonlar\u0131n durumu da de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.
                                      \nBu durumu ta\u015f\u0131yan ki\u015filere \u00e7ocukluk y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren birtak\u0131m ki\u015fisel bak\u0131m al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 kazand\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                                      Bu al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
                                        \n
                                      • \n

                                        G\u00fcne\u015f Kremi:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        Hastalar\u0131n Ultraviyole A (UVA) ve Ultraviyole B (UVB) \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu \u00f6zelli\u011fi bulunan g\u00fcne\u015f kremi kullanmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir. Tercih edilen \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn koruyuculuk seviyesinin SPF 30 ve \u00fcst\u00fcnde olmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        • \n

                                          G\u00fcne\u015fe Maruz Kalmamak:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                          G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ki\u015filerin cildine \u00e7ok fazla zarar verebilece\u011fi i\u00e7in g\u00fcne\u015fli havalarda d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                                            \n
                                          • \n

                                            Koruyucu K\u0131yafetler ve \u00d6nlemler:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                            Ki\u015fi d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 zaman kollar\u0131n\u0131 kapatan uzun kollu ti\u015f\u00f6rtler giymelidir. K\u0131sa pantolon giymemeli ve bacaklar\u0131n\u0131 kapatacak \u015fekilde giyinmelidir. Ayr\u0131ca g\u00fcne\u015ften korunmak i\u00e7in geni\u015f \u015fapkalar tercih edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

                                              \n
                                            • \n

                                              G\u00f6zleri Koruyucu \u00d6nlemler:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                              G\u00fcne\u015f g\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc veya parlak \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131ran ve koyu renk yapan \u00f6zel lensler, g\u00f6zleri g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan korumaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                                              Genetik durumu ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n sosyal ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ile \u00f6zg\u00fcvenleri art\u0131rabilir. Anne ve babalar \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretmenleri ile konu\u015farak s\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7erisinde ve evde \u00f6\u011frenmeyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 pratik y\u00f6ntemler konusu \u00fczerine bilgi alabilir.<\/p>\n

                                              Albino \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131f ve ev ortam\u0131nda yap\u0131labilecek birtak\u0131m uygulama ve y\u00f6ntemler \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
                                                \n
                                              • \u00c7ocu\u011fun \u00f6n s\u0131ralarda oturmas\u0131<\/li>\n
                                              • Yaz\u0131 tipi b\u00fcy\u00fck kitaplar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>\n
                                              • Yaz\u0131 yazarken beyaz zemin \u00fczerine siyah kalem kullanmak<\/li>\n
                                              • Bilgisayar ekran\u0131 boyutunun b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclmesi<\/li>\n
                                              • \u00d6dev yaparken veya ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken parlak \u0131\u015f\u0131k kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan uzak durulmas\u0131<\/li>\n
                                              • Okuma ve yazma aktivitelerinde fazladan zaman kullanmalar\u0131na izin verilmesi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                Bu hastalar\u0131n tedavisi ertelendi\u011finde, geciktirildi\u011finde ve gerekli destek verilmedi\u011fi durumlarda bu ki\u015filer, ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelebilir.<\/p>\n

                                                G\u00f6rme ile ilgili sorunlar\u0131 tedavi edilmeyen \u00e7ocuklar, ilerleyen d\u00f6nemlerde akademik alanda ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olabilir. \u0130\u015f bulmakta ve ehliyet almakta zorlanabilir.<\/p>\n

                                                Di\u011fer yandan, bu ki\u015filer sosyal ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131nda sorunlar ya\u015fayabilir. Ve farkl\u0131 hissedebilir. Bu durumda ki\u015filerde \u00f6zg\u00fcven eksili\u011fi olu\u015fabilir. Bu durumlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ebilmek ad\u0131na aile ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n destekleri \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

                                                Albino (Albinizm)\u00a0 Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 Nas\u0131l \u00d6nlenir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

                                                Albinizm g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrleri olan ve toplumda ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da yayg\u0131n olan genetik bir hastal\u0131k grubudur. \u00a0Bu nedenle ailesinde albinizm hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc olan veya kendisi hasta olan anne baba adaylar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00e7ocuk sahibi olmadan \u00f6nce genetik dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k almas\u0131; sonraki ku\u015faklarda hastal\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclme riski a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gereklidir. Yap\u0131lan testler sonucunda ailede olan albinizm ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptanabilmekte, do\u011facak \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in risk varsa belirlenebilmekte ve hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonraki ku\u015faklara ge\u00e7me ihtimali en aza indirilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n

                                                S\u0131k Sorulan Sorular<\/strong><\/h3>\n

                                                Albinizm Zeka Gerili\u011fine Sebep Olur Mu?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

                                                T\u00fcm albinolarda olmasa da albinonun \u00f6zel baz\u0131 sendromlar\u0131na sahip olan hastalarda zeka gerili\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Bu \u00f6zel durumlar haricinde albinonun zeka gerili\u011fiyle beraber g\u00f6zlendi\u011fi herhangi bir vaka yoktur. Ki\u015filerin sosyal ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 ve geli\u015fimini etkileyen hatta yava\u015flatan temel unsur g\u00f6zlerdeki g\u00f6rme kayb\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu hastada y\u00fczde doksanlara varan kay\u0131plar ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme ve alg\u0131lama mekanizmas\u0131nda yava\u015fl\u0131klar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

                                                Albino Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00d6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl M\u00fcd\u00fcr?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

                                                Albinoluk yaln\u0131zca bir cilt hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildir. Baz\u0131 vakalarda zeka gerili\u011fi veya bedensel engelle beraber olabilir. Albinizmi olan ki\u015filer olduk\u00e7a hassas yap\u0131l\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

                                                Ciltlerinde pigment olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya az bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in fazla g\u00fcne\u015fe maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131nda bu durum, \u00f6l\u00fcmlerine bile yol a\u00e7abilir. Albino hastalar\u0131 ne kadar ya\u015far? Sorusu ise olduk\u00e7a merak edilen bir konudur. Dikkat ettikleri s\u00fcrece normal bir insan \u00f6mr\u00fc kadar ya\u015fayabilirler. \u00d6nlem almad\u0131klar\u0131 ve g\u00fcne\u015fe a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 maruz kalan Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131ndaki albinolar ise ortalama 35 y\u0131l \u00f6mre sahiptir.<\/p>\n

                                                Albino Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 Alternatif T\u0131p Y\u00f6ntemleri ile Tedavi Edilebilir Mi?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

                                                Albinizmin alternatif ya da de\u011fil herhangi bir y\u00f6ntemle tedavi edilmesi s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. K\u0131smi albinizm i\u00e7in baz\u0131 ila\u00e7lar geli\u015ftiriliyor olsa da bu ila\u00e7lar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131na dair tatmin edici sonu\u00e7lar hen\u00fcz elde edilememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                Albino (Albinizm) Nedir? Albinizm; g\u00f6z, deri ve sa\u00e7larda \u00e7ok az veya hi\u00e7 renk pigmentinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir genetik hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Hastal\u0131k, v\u00fccuttaki renk verici pigment olan melaninin baz\u0131 nedenlerden dolay\u0131 az veya hi\u00e7 \u00fcretilememesi sonucu olu\u015fur. Albinizm hastalar\u0131na halk aras\u0131nda albino denir. Bu ki\u015filerde sa\u00e7lar, g\u00f6zler ve derilerindeki belirgin renk de\u011fi\u015fimleri en belirgin bulgulardand\u0131r. Fakat baz\u0131 vakalarda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9158,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1494],"tags":[2270,2272,2269,2271],"yoast_head":"\nAlbino (Albinizm) Nedir? - Turkey Istanbul Medical<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Albinizm; g\u00f6z, deri ve sa\u00e7larda \u00e7ok az veya hi\u00e7 renk pigmentinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir genetik hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. 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