Tarhana, ev yap\u0131m\u0131 yo\u011furt, lahana tur\u015fusu gibi probiyotikler mevcuttur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nGastriti tetikleyen yiyecek ve i\u00e7eceklerden baz\u0131lar\u0131;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- \u00c7ikolata<\/li>\n
- Kahve<\/li>\n
- Alkol<\/li>\n
- Domates gibi asitli yiyecekler<\/li>\n
- Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015flenmi\u015f g\u0131da<\/li>\n
- Y\u00fcksek ya\u011f ve \u015feker i\u00e7eren yiyecek ve i\u00e7ecekler<\/li>\n
- k\u0131zarm\u0131\u015f yiyecekler<\/li>\n
- Yapay tatland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7eren yiyecek ve i\u00e7ecekler<\/li>\n
- A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 baharatl\u0131 yiyecekler<\/li>\n
- Dondurulmu\u015f g\u0131dalar<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Duodenit Nedir? Duodenitin Nedenleri, Belirtileri ve Tedavisi<\/h4>\nDuodenit Nedir?<\/h4>\n
Duodenit veya duodenum olarak da bilinen duodenum iltihab\u0131, ince ba\u011f\u0131rsak iltihab\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Duodenum iltihab\u0131 kar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, kanama ve di\u011fer gastrointestinal semptomlara neden olabilir.<\/p>\n
Duodenitin en yayg\u0131n nedeni, Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) ad\u0131 verilen bir bakteri t\u00fcr\u00fc ile ili\u015fkili mide enfeksiyonudur. Bu organizma normalde hassas duodenal astar\u0131 asidik mide i\u00e7eri\u011finden koruyan mukus bariyerini bozar. Bu bariyerin kayb\u0131 kronik inflamasyona ve duodenal \u00fclsere neden olur.<\/p>\n
Bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fiye gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta H pylori bula\u015f\u0131r, ancak semptomlar yeti\u015fkin ya\u015f\u0131na kadar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaz. Baz\u0131 insanlarda H pylori enfeksiyonu duodenite neden olur; tedavi edilmezse duodenumun \u00fclserasyonuna neden olabilir. Alkol veya t\u00fct\u00fcn gibi nonsteroid antiinflamatuar ila\u00e7lar\u0131n (NSAID’ler) ciddi ve uzun s\u00fcreli kullan\u0131m\u0131 da duodenite yol a\u00e7abilir. Daha az yayg\u0131n olarak, Crohn hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 duodenite neden olabilir.<\/p>\n
Akut duodenit, semptomlar aniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa ve k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre rahats\u0131z edici hale gelirse, aylar hatta y\u0131llar boyunca ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa kronik duodenit olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Duodenit Belirtileri<\/h4>\n
Duodenitin belirti ve semptomlar\u0131 sabit veya sporadik olabilir ve hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n seyri ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye de\u011fi\u015fir. Sebep H pylori ise, enfeksiyon tedavi edilene kadar belirtileriniz devam edecektir. Duodenitli baz\u0131 ki\u015filerde herhangi bir semptom g\u00f6r\u00fclmezken, di\u011ferlerinde kusma ile birlikte veya kusma olmadan yanma a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 veya bulant\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n
Duodenit’in Nedenleri<\/h4>\n
Duodenite genellikle Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) ad\u0131 verilen bakteriler neden olur. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler de duodenite neden olabilir:<\/p>\n
\n- Bakteriyel, fungal veya viral bir enfeksiyon<\/li>\n
- \u015eiddetli hastal\u0131k veya stres<\/li>\n
- NSAID’ler, aspirin veya steroid ila\u00e7lar\u0131<\/li>\n
- T\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcnleri veya alkol kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n
- Crohn hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n
- Kanser tedavisi i\u00e7in radyasyon<\/li>\n
- Mide veya ince ba\u011f\u0131rsakta yaralanma<\/li>\n
- D\u00fc\u011fme h\u00fccre gibi yuttu\u011funuz zehirli bir nesne<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Duodenit Tedavisi<\/h4>\n
H pylori ile ili\u015fkili duodenit durumunda, enfeksiyon antibiyotiklerle ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tedavi edilebilir. H pylori ile ili\u015fkili olmayan duodenitte mide asiditesini azaltan ila\u00e7lar etkili bir tedavi olabilir. Ellerinizi sabun ve suyla y\u0131kamak gibi yayg\u0131n hijyen uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 izleyerek H pylori enfeksiyonu riskinizi azaltabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Alkol t\u00fcketimini s\u0131n\u0131rlamak ve nonsteroid antiinflamatuar ila\u00e7lar (NSAID’ler) kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamak gibi ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri, H pilori ile ili\u015fkili olmayan duodenit riskinizi azaltabilir.<\/p>\n
\u015eiddetli kar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, kanl\u0131 veya siyah katranl\u0131 d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 veya kanl\u0131 veya siyah kusma gibi \u015fiddetli semptomlar i\u00e7in derhal t\u0131bbi yard\u0131m al\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Refl\u00fc Nedir? Belirtileri ve Tedavisi Nelerdir?<\/h4>\n
Bir\u00e7ok insanda yemekten sonra haz\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k, yemek borusunda ek\u015fime ve yanma belirtileri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu rahats\u0131z edici durum yemek borusundan ve hatta a\u011f\u0131zdan gelen yiyecek ve mide asidi ile kendini g\u00f6sterir. Bu durum baz\u0131 ki\u015filerde ge\u00e7icidir ve belirli bir zamanda ortadan kalkar.<\/p>\n
Bununla birlikte, baz\u0131 insanlarda olduk\u00e7a rahats\u0131z edici, s\u0131kl\u0131kla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve olduk\u00e7a ac\u0131 verici hale gelir. Bu hastal\u0131\u011fa “gastro\u00f6zofageal refl\u00fc” ad\u0131 verildi. \u00c7ok yayg\u0131n bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r (%15-20). Kad\u0131nlarda daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmekle birlikte, erkeklerde ciddi \u00f6zofagus hasar\u0131 daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ya\u015fl\u0131larda ve \u00e7ocuklarda ciddi durumlara neden olabilir.<\/p>\n
Refl\u00fc Belirtileri<\/h4>\n
En s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen semptom mide ek\u015fimesidir. Baz\u0131 insanlar bu yanmay\u0131 midelerinde, boyunlar\u0131nda, omuzlar\u0131nda ve hatta s\u0131rtlar\u0131nda ve kollar\u0131nda hissedebilir. Bazen kalp a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt edilemez. Bu nedenle genellikle bir doktora ba\u015fvururlar.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle koroner anjiyografisi negatif olan hastalar\u0131n %50’sinde refl\u00fc \u00f6zofajit saptand\u0131. \u00d6zofajitte a\u011fr\u0131 genellikle akut ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7l\u0131d\u0131r ve saatlerce s\u00fcrer, uykudan uyan\u0131r, antasitler ve yiyeceklerle ili\u015fkilidir, yiyecek ve \u00f6\u011f\u00fcnlerle ili\u015fkilidir, s\u0131rt \u00fcst\u00fc yatarken ve \u00f6ne e\u011filirken hissedilir, vakalar\u0131n %50’sinde e\u015flik eder. genellikle efor veya sternum ile ilgisi olmayan piroz, yetersizlik ve disfaji gibi semptomlarla. s\u0131rt b\u00f6lgesinde hissedilir, yay\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n
Ac\u0131ya ek olarak, ek\u015fi su “yetersizli\u011fin” bir ba\u015fka yayg\u0131n belirtisidir. Bo\u011fazda ve a\u011f\u0131zda k\u00f6t\u00fc bir tat b\u0131rak\u0131r, genellikle yemeklerden sonra nadiren yemek s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Semptomlar genellikle yatarken ve uyurken ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Di\u011fer semptomlar kar\u0131n \u015fi\u015fli\u011fi, ge\u011firme, h\u0131\u00e7k\u0131r\u0131k, g\u0131d\u0131klama, kronik \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck, a\u011f\u0131z kokusu, ses k\u0131s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ses tellerinde nod\u00fcller ve ast\u0131m ataklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n
Refl\u00fc Tedavisi<\/h4>\n
Refl\u00fc hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, te\u015fhis konulduktan sonra \u00f6nlenebilen ve tedavi edilebilen bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Yemekle birlikte midede \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme i\u015flemi i\u00e7in asit salg\u0131s\u0131 ba\u015flar. Yeme\u011fin sonunda salg\u0131lanan bu asidin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 mideden ta\u015far ve yemek borusunu tahri\u015f eder. Biz buna geri ak\u0131\u015f ta\u015fmas\u0131 diyoruz. Refl\u00fc asidi yemek borusunda ge\u00e7ici ve kal\u0131c\u0131 hasara neden olabilir. Bu tahri\u015f sonucu mide ek\u015fimesi yan\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131 ve yemek borusunun zarar g\u00f6rmesi i\u00e7in \u00d6z \u00f6zofajit ada tan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
Mide y\u00fczeyi aside al\u0131\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r ve asidin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkisini ortadan kald\u0131racak mekanizmalara sahiptir. Ancak yemek borusunda aside kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir koruyucu mekanizma yoktur. Normalde mide ile yemek borusu aras\u0131nda “alt yemek borusu sfinkteri” dedi\u011fimiz kap\u0131 g\u00f6revi g\u00f6ren bir mekanizma vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu kap\u0131, yutulan \u0131s\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131n yemek borusundan mideye ge\u00e7mesine izin verir ancak mide i\u00e7eri\u011finin geri ka\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen bir mekanizma ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu kap\u0131daki gev\u015femeler veya rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar (mide f\u0131t\u0131\u011f\u0131-hiatal herni) refl\u00fc hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n nedenidir.<\/p>\n
Mide bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda (\u00e7ok yemek yemek, yemeklerden sonra vb.) refl\u00fc s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hangi Hastalara Refl\u00fc Ameliyat\u0131 Gerekir?<\/h4>\n\n- Ya\u015f (hasta ne kadar gen\u00e7se ameliyat o kadar \u00f6nceliklidir).<\/li>\n
- \u015eiddet, s\u0131kl\u0131k, \u015fikayetlerin t\u00fcr\u00fc<\/li>\n
- Yemek borusuna verilen hasar\u0131n \u015fiddeti<\/li>\n
- \u0130la\u00e7 tedavisine ra\u011fmen hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tekrarlama oran\u0131<\/li>\n
- Refl\u00fc ile birlikte mide f\u0131t\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Hiatal F\u0131t\u0131k) durumunda hasta ameliyatla tedavi edilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Refl\u00fc Ameliyat\u0131 ile neler d\u00fczeltilir?<\/h4>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde refl\u00fc hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tedavisinde laparoskopik cerrahinin avantajlar\u0131ndan yararlanmaktay\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Bozulmu\u015f alt \u00f6zofagus sfinkterinin yemek borusu ile yemek borusu aras\u0131ndaki kap\u0131y\u0131 yeniden olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan laparoskopik fundoplikasyon ameliyatlar\u0131 t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Cerrahi, en son teknik geli\u015fmeler kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131lan laparoskopik bir i\u015flemdir.<\/p>\n
Hastan\u0131n ertesi g\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131zdan beslenebildi\u011fi ve ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn veya ertesi g\u00fcn eve g\u00f6nderilebildi\u011fi ve 7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilece\u011fi bir i\u015flemdir. Laparoskopik cerrahinin t\u00fcm avantajlar\u0131ndan (daha az a\u011fr\u0131, daha k\u0131sa hastanede kal\u0131\u015f s\u00fcresi ve ameliyat sonras\u0131 risk olmamas\u0131 gibi) yararlan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylece y\u0131llarca ve her g\u00fcn ila\u00e7 al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, yemek borusundaki iltihabi olaylar\u0131n gerilemesi ve bunlara ba\u011fl\u0131 kanser risklerinin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hastan\u0131n daha kaliteli bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrmesini sa\u011flar. Deneyimli cerrahlar taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bu laparoskopik fundoplikasyon i\u015flemlerinin yan etkileri minimum d\u00fczeydedir ve ba\u015far\u0131 oran\u0131 %95-100 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Gastroenteroloji ve cerrahlar\u0131n ortak de\u011ferlendirmesi sonucu uygun hasta se\u00e7imi ile \u00f6nerilen bir operasyondur.<\/p>\n
Refl\u00fc (GER) belirtileri nelerdir?<\/h4>\n
Gastro\u00f6zofageal Refl\u00fc’n\u00fcn (G\u00d6R) en \u00f6nemli belirtisi g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcste yukar\u0131 do\u011fru yanmad\u0131r. Yanma midede, bo\u011fazda veya boyunda hissedilebilir. \u00d6zellikle alkol, tur\u015fu, \u00e7ikolata, ek\u015fi, ac\u0131 ve baharatl\u0131 yiyecekler yanmay\u0131 \u015fiddetlendiren yiyecekler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli semptom, mide bulant\u0131s\u0131 olmadan mide s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n istemsiz yutulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zellik kusmadan farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Haftada bir veya birka\u00e7 kez g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcste yanma ve a\u011f\u0131za ac\u0131-ek\u015fi su gelmesi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n te\u015fhisi i\u00e7in yeterlidir. Bu iki \u00f6nemli semptom d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer organlar\u0131n tahri\u015fine ba\u011fl\u0131 refl\u00fc semptomlar\u0131 da G\u00d6R tan\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6nemlidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck<\/li>\n
- Ses k\u0131s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n
- Ses tellerinde polip veya nod\u00fcl<\/li>\n
- Tedavi edilmemi\u015f larenjit ve farenjit gibi bo\u011faz enfeksiyonlar\u0131<\/li>\n
- Bo\u011fazda dolgunluk hissi<\/li>\n
- S\u0131k bo\u011faz temizleme ihtiyac\u0131<\/li>\n
- Ast\u0131m tedaviye iyi yan\u0131t vermiyor<\/li>\n
- Tekrarlayan pn\u00f6moni<\/li>\n
- Uyku s\u0131ras\u0131nda k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli solunum durmalar\u0131nda altta yatan hastal\u0131k olarak refl\u00fcden \u015f\u00fcphelenilmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
S\u00fcrekli bo\u011faz temizleme ihtiyac\u0131, susturma, refl\u00fc, s\u0131k farenjit veya larenjit olan \u00e7o\u011fu insanda ana nedendir. Yine kronik \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olanlar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131nda refl\u00fc hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Hatta y\u0131llarca \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fcp te\u015fhis koymadan doktora giden hastalar bile var. Ast\u0131m ve refl\u00fc birlikte ki\u015fiyi daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirir. Refl\u00fc \u015f\u00fcphesi olan baz\u0131 hastalarda kalp a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 olur. Bu gibi durumlarda ilk kalp muayenesinden sonra refl\u00fcden \u015f\u00fcphelenmek en iyisidir.<\/p>\n
Yutma g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131 yutkunma, midede kanama veya kilo kayb\u0131 refl\u00fc belirtisi olabilir veya tamamen farkl\u0131 bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilir. \u00c7ocuklarda refl\u00fc hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 basit kusma \u015feklinde olmakla birlikte \u00f6zellikle bebeklerde “ani \u00e7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc” sendromundan sorumlu olabilir. \u00c7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki post\u00fcr bozuklu\u011fu, b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve geli\u015fme gerili\u011fi, kans\u0131zl\u0131k, zat\u00fcrre ataklar\u0131, solunum yolu hastal\u0131klar\u0131, yenido\u011fanlarda bo\u011fulma ataklar\u0131 G\u00d6R prezentasyon nedenleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Refl\u00fc, \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ast\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birinin temelini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
Refl\u00fc’n\u00fcn Neden Oldu\u011fu Hastal\u0131klar Nelerdir?<\/h4>\n\n- \u00c7ocuklarda b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve geli\u015fme gerili\u011fi<\/li>\n
- Mide s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n akci\u011fere ka\u00e7mas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 zat\u00fcrre,<\/li>\n
- Larenjit, farenjit, bron\u015fit, ast\u0131m gibi solunum yolu hastal\u0131klar\u0131,<\/li>\n
- Yemek borusu iltihab\u0131,<\/li>\n
- Peptik stenoz (midenin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn daralmas\u0131),<\/li>\n
- Sindirim sistemi kanamas\u0131,<\/li>\n
- Anemi,<\/li>\n
- \u00d6zofagus kanserine neden olan Barrett hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kansere neden olabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Refl\u00fc Tedavisi<\/h4>\n
\u0130ki y\u00f6ntem vard\u0131r: ila\u00e7 tedavisi ve cerrahi tedavi. Refl\u00fc tedavisinde altta yatan organik bir neden yoksa hastaya antiasidik ila\u00e7lar ve asit n\u00f6tralize edici ila\u00e7lar verilir.<\/p>\n
Mide ile yemek borusu kas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ameliyat\u0131n cerrahi tedavisi kuvvetlendirilir Genellikle mide f\u0131t\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsa ila\u00e7 tedavisi al\u0131namad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bazen uygulan\u0131r. \u0130lac\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre kullanmak istemeyen hastalarda cerrahi tedavi uygunsa ve hastaya uygulanabilir. Hasta cerrahi tedavinin yan etkileri ve komplikasyonlar\u0131 konusunda bilgilendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Refl\u00fc hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kronik bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r, zaman zaman \u015fikayetler artabilir, azalabilir, kaybolabilir ve tekrarlayabilir. Bu nedenle refl\u00fcy\u00fc \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in hastan\u0131n uymas\u0131 gereken kurallar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Refl\u00fc \u00d6nleme Yollar\u0131<\/h4>\n\n- Y\u00fcksek bir yast\u0131\u011fa yat\u0131n (yatarken \u00fcst v\u00fccut ve ba\u015f y\u00fcksek olmal\u0131d\u0131r).<\/li>\n
- \u00c7ok fazla yemek yemekten ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n (A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yemek mide bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r ve refl\u00fc olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r).<\/li>\n
- Az miktarda s\u0131k ve d\u00fczenli yemek yiyin.<\/li>\n
- Yemekleri yava\u015f yiyin ve iyi \u00e7i\u011fneyin.<\/li>\n
- Ya\u011f\u0131 azalt\u0131n (patates k\u0131zartmas\u0131, fast food yiyecekleri ve margarinden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya\u011fl\u0131 yiyeceklerin midede<\/li>\n
- kalma s\u00fcresi de y\u00fcksektir ve daha fazla mide asidi sal\u0131n\u0131r).<\/li>\n
- \u00c7ikolatadan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n (\u00c7ikolatadaki metilksantin yemek borusundaki kaslar\u0131 gev\u015feterek platinde gev\u015femeye neden olur).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Devam et<\/h4>\n\n- Kahveden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ve daha az \u00e7ay i\u00e7in (kafeinli veya dikkatsiz kahve refl\u00fc olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r).<\/li>\n
- Yemek borusunu tahri\u015f eden maddelerden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n.<\/li>\n
- Alkol, kola, gazoz gibi asitli i\u00e7ecekler, konserve meyve sular\u0131 i\u00e7meyin.<\/li>\n
- \u00c7ok baharatl\u0131 yiyeceklerden, tur\u015fu ve sirkeden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n (Baharatlar refl\u00fc \u015fiddetini art\u0131r\u0131p mide yanmalar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir. Bu nedenle baharatl\u0131 haz\u0131r yiyecekleri s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131n ve yemeklerinizde daha az baharat kullan\u0131n.<\/li>\n
- Yemekten hemen sonra yatmay\u0131n, en az 1 saat oturun.<\/li>\n
- \u0130\u00e7mekten ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n (Alkol mide asidini art\u0131r\u0131r).<\/li>\n
- Sigara ve di\u011fer t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n (Nikotin yemek borusunun alt\u0131ndaki b\u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc maddeyi gev\u015fetir).<\/li>\n
- Kilo almay\u0131n (obezite refl\u00fc \u015fikayetlerini art\u0131r\u0131r).<\/li>\n
- M\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca stresten uzak durmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131n.<\/li>\n
- S\u0131v\u0131 t\u00fcketimi mide bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn aralar\u0131nda de\u011fil \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn aralar\u0131nda al\u0131n\u0131z.<\/li>\n
- \u00d6zellikle yemekten sonra dar k\u0131yafetler giymemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00dclser Nedir? Belirtileri ve Tedavileri Nelerdir?<\/h4>\n
\u00dclser, mide asidi ve sindirim s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin pepsin) taraf\u0131ndan mide veya duodenumun (duodenum) tahrip edilmesinin neden oldu\u011fu doku kayb\u0131d\u0131r. Asit pepsinin etkisi ile doku kayb\u0131 daha derine inebilir. Enflamasyon bir yara olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
\u00dclser Neden Olur?<\/h4>\n
En b\u00fcy\u00fck neden, “Helicobacter pylori” ad\u0131 verilen bir mikro kap ve NSAID’lerin (aspirin, antiromatizmal ila\u00e7lar) d\u00fczenli al\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer olas\u0131 nedenler aras\u0131nda genetik yatk\u0131nl\u0131k, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc stres, kortizonlu ila\u00e7lar, alkol, sigara, kahve al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fi say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
\u00dclser Hangi ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/h4>\n
Toplumumuzda herhangi bir zamanda mevcut \u00fclser hastalar\u0131n\u0131n (yeni veya ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f) y\u00fczdesi %2-6’d\u0131r. Duodenal \u00fclserler mide \u00fclserlerinden daha yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Duodenal \u00fclser 30-50 ya\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve erkeklerde kad\u0131nlara g\u00f6re 2-4 kat daha fazlad\u0131r. Mide \u00fclseri 60 ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve kad\u0131nlarda daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\u00dclser Belirtileri nelerdir?<\/h4>\n
En s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen semptom, \u00fcst kar\u0131n b\u00f6lgesinde kemiren ve yanma \u015feklinde bir a\u011fr\u0131d\u0131r. Genellikle \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn aralar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Hastay\u0131 gece uykusundan uyand\u0131rabilir (\u00e7o\u011funlukla oniki parmak ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131 \u00fclserinde). Mide asidini ve pastilleri n\u00f6tralize eden \u00e7i\u011fnenebilir bir tablet olan g\u0131da ve antasit ile a\u011fr\u0131 birka\u00e7 dakikadan birka\u00e7 saate kadar giderilir. Sonbahar ve ilkbaharda a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artar. \u00dclser hastalar\u0131nda daha az g\u00f6r\u00fclen semptomlar mide bulant\u0131s\u0131, kusma (\u00f6zellikle a\u011fr\u0131 oldu\u011funda, a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131 veya kusman\u0131n kesilmesi \u00e7ok tipiktir), i\u015ftahs\u0131zl\u0131k ve kilo kayb\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00dclserlerin tehlikeli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 nelerdir?
\nKANAMA<\/h4>\n
\u00dclserler, \u00fcst sindirim sistemi kanamas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenidir. Bazen daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 mide a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015famam\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerde bile g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir. Telve renginde “kahve telvesi” veya “katran rengi” siyah d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 kusuyorlar. Herhangi bir belirti olmaks\u0131z\u0131n d\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n siyah oldu\u011funu fark eden ki\u015filer hemen bir acil sa\u011fl\u0131k merkezine ba\u015fvurmal\u0131d\u0131r. So\u011fuk so\u011fuk terlemede kusma ve siyah d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 \u00f6ncesi ani halsizlik \u00fcst gastrointestinal kanamadan \u015f\u00fcphelenilmelidir.<\/p>\n
PERFORASYON (Mide delinmesi)<\/h4>\n
Mevcut \u00fclserin derinli\u011finin artmas\u0131 ve t\u00fcm mide-duodenum tabakalar\u0131na n\u00fcfuz etmesidir. Mide asidi-pepsin i\u00e7eri\u011fi kar\u0131n bo\u015flu\u011fundan ge\u00e7ti\u011finde ani ve \u015fiddetli a\u011fr\u0131 olu\u015fur. Kar\u0131n tahta gibi sertle\u015fir, a\u011fr\u0131dan hareket etmek ve y\u00fcr\u00fcmek zorla\u015f\u0131r. Tedavi genellikle cerrahidir.<\/p>\n
Okl\u00fczyon<\/h4>\n
Duodenum ve pilorideki akut \u00fclserler doku \u00f6demine (\u015fi\u015fmeye) neden olabilir, bu da uzun s\u00fcre derin \u00fclserler sonucu skar dokusu olu\u015fumuna neden olur.<\/p>\n
Hasta, mide suyunun s\u00fcrekli salg\u0131lanmas\u0131 sonucu yedi\u011fi ve midede biriken materyali kusar. Kusma bol ve s\u00fcreklidir.<\/p>\n
Hasta yemek yese bile besinler sindirim olmadan organlara ge\u00e7emez (sindirim – emilim – midede de\u011fil on iki parmak ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131 ve ince ba\u011f\u0131rsakta), s\u00fcrekli kilo kayb\u0131 olur. En k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede te\u015fhis konulmal\u0131 ve ameliyat edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
\u00dclser Te\u015fhisi Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h4>\n
Fizik muayene ve ultrason ile \u00fclser herhangi bir belirti g\u00f6stermez. Ama bize di\u011fer hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ekarte etme \u015fans\u0131 veriyor. Bir\u00e7ok doktor, asit bloke edici bir ila\u00e7 re\u00e7ete eder, bu da 2 haftal\u0131k ila\u00e7tan sonra semptomlar\u0131n iyile\u015fmedi\u011fini, \u00fclser olmadan (tedaviden tan\u0131ya kadar) \u00f6nerir.<\/p>\n
Pratik olarak ba\u015fka bir te\u015fhis yoktur. \u00dclser te\u015fhisi i\u00e7in \u00fcst sindirim sisteminin radyolojik muayenesi veya \u00fcst sindirim sisteminin endoskopisi (\u00f6zofagogastroduodenoskopi) gereklidir.<\/p>\n
\u00dclser Tedavisi
\nM\u0130DE – DUODENUM GRAF\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/h4>\n
Baryumun mideden ge\u00e7i\u015fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda midenin anatomik yap\u0131s\u0131 ve duodenum hatt\u0131 izlenir.<\/p>\n
ENDOSKOP\u0130 (GASTROSKOP\u0130)<\/h4>\n
K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, hafif, dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir t\u00fcp ile yemek borusu, mide ve oniki parmak ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan g\u00f6zlemlenmesidir. G\u00f6r\u00fclecek organlarda yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak her yerde net bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6zlemlenebilir. \u0130\u015flem genellikle hastay\u0131 sakinle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ila\u00e7 verilerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. \u0130\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda patolojik inceleme ve \u00fcreaz testi i\u00e7in biyopsi al\u0131nabilir. Biyopsi herhangi bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131k veya a\u011fr\u0131ya neden olmaz.<\/p>\n
D\u0130YET<\/h4>\n
Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte baharatl\u0131, ac\u0131, ek\u015fi, tur\u015fu, ya\u011fl\u0131 ve asitli yiyeceklerden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenirken, s\u00fct tedavisi yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00fclserler ve hatta yatmadan \u00f6nce s\u00fct\u00fcn zararlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir diyet yoktur. Deneyler, \u00f6zel bir diyetin \u00fclser iyile\u015fmesine katk\u0131da bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u015eu anda ki\u015fisel \u015fikayete neden oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen yiyeceklerin k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi s\u00f6yleniyor. (\u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00fclseri olan bir ki\u015fi so\u011fana dokunmazsa onu yemekte sak\u0131nca yoktur). Ancak \u00fclseri olan hastalar (\u00e7ok fazla sigara i\u00e7iyorsa) sigaray\u0131 b\u0131rakmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sigaran\u0131n \u00fclser iyile\u015fmesini geciktirdi\u011fi ve s\u0131k \u00fclser kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Genellikle \u00fclseri olan hastalar aspirin veya benzeri romatizma ila\u00e7lar\u0131 almamal\u0131d\u0131r. Alkol al\u0131m\u0131 y\u00fczeysel mukozal direnci bozabilir, bu da gecikmi\u015f gastrit ve \u00fclser iyile\u015fmesine neden olabilir. Akut \u00fclserlerde bunlar\u0131 almamakta fayda var.<\/p>\n
\u0130LA\u00c7LAR<\/h4>\n
Gastro\u00f6zofageal refl\u00fc ve \u00fclser tedavisinde kullan\u0131lan ila\u00e7lar H2 resept\u00f6r blokerleri (Ranitidin, Famotidin, Nizatidin) ve proton pompa inhibit\u00f6rleridir (omeprazol, lansoprazol). Mide asitlerini azaltarak semptomlar\u0131 hafifletirler. Ayr\u0131ca mide \u00fclserlerinin \u00fclser etkisini ortadan kald\u0131rarak iyile\u015fmesini sa\u011flar. Protein pompa inhibit\u00f6rleri, asitli\u011fi azaltmada H2 resept\u00f6r blokerlerinden daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ama daha pahal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Helicobacter pylori hastalar\u0131nda, kullan\u0131lan antibiyotiklerle kombinasyon halinde protein pompa inhibit\u00f6rleri Helicobacter pylori’nin eradike edilmesinde etkilidir.<\/p>\n
OPERASYON<\/h4>\n
Bir\u00e7ok \u00fclser ila\u00e7la iyile\u015fir. Kanama, darl\u0131k (delinme), ponksiyon olu\u015fur ve t\u0131bbi tedaviye yan\u0131t vermezse acil ameliyat gerekir.<\/p>\n
Helikobakter Pilori Nedir?<\/h4>\n
Helicobacter pylori varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok \u00fclser olu\u015fur. Duodenal \u00fclserlerde Helicobacter pylori varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 %100’e yak\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek bulunmu\u015ftur. Helicobacter pylori’li ancak \u00fclseri olmayan ki\u015filerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, helicobacter pylori’nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ek olarak di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rler (\u00f6rn. kal\u0131t\u0131m) g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Helicobacter pylori’nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclser yapmas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda istemsiz gastrite neden oldu\u011fu kesindir. Ayr\u0131ca mide kanserine neden oldu\u011fu iddia edilmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Mide Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 – Nedenleri ve Tedavisi Bu gastrit ile sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r. Gastrit genellikle kar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, mide bulant\u0131s\u0131 ve mide ek\u015fimesi gibi semptomlarla kendini g\u00f6sterir. Ciddi bir hastal\u0131k de\u011fildir ve do\u011fru beslenme ve ila\u00e7 tedavisi ile kolayl\u0131kla tedavi edilebilir. Gastrite ne sebep olur? Gastritin en yayg\u0131n nedeni Helicobacter pylori ad\u0131 verilen bakterilerin neden oldu\u011fu enfeksiyonlard\u0131r. Gastritin di\u011fer […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2084,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[732],"tags":[1257,1255,1256],"yoast_head":"\n
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