{"id":11292,"date":"2025-07-25T15:11:45","date_gmt":"2025-07-25T15:11:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/?p=11292"},"modified":"2025-07-25T15:21:22","modified_gmt":"2025-07-25T15:21:22","slug":"insan-beyni-nasil-calisir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/insan-beyni-nasil-calisir\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nsan Beyni Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/\">\u0130nsan Beyni<\/a> Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0130nsan beyni, elektriksel ve kimyasal sinyallerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan son derece karma\u015f\u0131k bir organd\u0131r. Temel olarak n\u00f6ron ad\u0131 verilen sinir h\u00fccrelerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu dev bir ileti\u015fim a\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Beyni olu\u015fturan \u00fc\u00e7 ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h3><strong>Beyin<\/strong><strong> (Serebrum):<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Serebrum beynin en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r ve yakla\u015f\u0131k %80&#8217;ini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n<p>Serebrum sa\u011f ve sol olmak \u00fczere iki yar\u0131m k\u00fcreden olu\u015fur. Sa\u011f yar\u0131m k\u00fcre v\u00fccudun sol taraf\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ederken sol yar\u0131m k\u00fcre v\u00fccudun sa\u011f taraf\u0131ndan sorumludur.<\/p>\n<p>Bu yar\u0131m k\u00fcreler, <strong>korpus kallozum<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilen sinir a\u011f\u0131 ile birbirine ba\u011flan\u0131r. Beyin yar\u0131m k\u00fcreleri, i\u00e7lerinde beyaz ve gri maddeyle \u00e7evrilidir. Gri madde \u00e7e\u015fitli h\u00fccrelerden, beyaz madde ise aksonlardan olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Beyincik:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Di\u011fer ad\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck beyin olan beyincik, beyin sap\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda yer alan, duyusal girdileri kas tepkileriyle koordine eden beyin b\u00f6lgesidir.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fccudun denge organlar\u0131ndan biri olan ve kas kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flayan beyincik, motor hareketlerinin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in hayati bir organ olarak da kabul edilir.<\/p>\n<p>Beyni olu\u015fturan \u00fc\u00e7 ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmden biri olan beyincik, ba\u015f\u0131n arka k\u0131sm\u0131nda, beyin ile beyin sap\u0131 aras\u0131nda kalan b\u00f6lgede yer al\u0131r. Ve beyaz maddeyi kaplayan bir korteks ve i\u00e7i s\u0131v\u0131yla dolu bir ventrik\u00fclden olu\u015fur. Ayr\u0131ca beyincik iki yar\u0131m k\u00fcreye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f bir yap\u0131dad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Beyinci\u011fin ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00f6revleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Denge ve hareket dahil olmak \u00fczere kas kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li>Motor hareketlili\u011finin i\u015flevsel s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li>Kaslar\u0131n birbiriyle uyumlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na destek olur.<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f6z hareketlerini koordine eder.<\/li>\n<li>Duygular\u0131 kontrol eder.<\/li>\n<li>Karar verme s\u00fcrecinde aktif bir rol oynar.<\/li>\n<li>Bili\u015fsel s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde etkilidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Beyin Sap\u0131<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Beynin en alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda yer alan ve omurilikle do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131 kuran yap\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Beynin temel ya\u015famsal i\u015flevlerini kontrol eden ve hayatta kalmak i\u00e7in kritik olan bir b\u00f6lge olarak, solunum, kalp at\u0131\u015f\u0131, kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 gibi otomatik ve hayati fonksiyonlar\u0131 d\u00fczenler.<\/p>\n<p>Bu beyin sap\u0131, beyin yar\u0131m k\u00fcreleri ile omurilik aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc i\u015flevi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Beyin Sap\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri Nelerden Olu\u015fur?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Beyin sap\u0131 serebrum, beyincik ve omurilik aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fimi k\u00f6pr\u00fclemek i\u00e7in g\u00f6rev yapar.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ve \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fur:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Orta Beyin<\/li>\n<li>Pons<\/li>\n<li>Medulla Oblongata (So\u011fanc\u0131k)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Beyin sap\u0131, beyin aksonlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu beyaz ve gri maddeyi i\u00e7erir (beyaz cevher ve gri cevher olarak da bilinir).<\/p>\n<p>Gri madde sinir h\u00fccresi g\u00f6vdelerinden olu\u015fur. Ve \u00f6nemli beyin sap\u0131 \u00e7ekirdeklerini i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<p>Beyin sap\u0131n\u0131n beyaz madde yollar\u0131 ise serebrum, beyincik ve omurilik aras\u0131nda seyahat eden n\u00f6ron aksonlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fur. Afferent yollar beyne bilgi ta\u015f\u0131r. Ve efferent yollar beyinden bilgi ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Beyin sap\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri, v\u00fccudun i\u015flevlerini d\u00fczenlemede b\u00fcy\u00fck ve \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Beynin Temel B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ve G\u00f6revleri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>\u00d6n Beyin (Prosensephalon) B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ve G\u00f6revleri<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>\u00d6n beyin iki ana k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Telensefalon (Telencephalon):<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Bu, \u00f6n beynin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r. <strong>Beyin yar\u0131m k\u00fcreleri (hemisferler)<\/strong>, <strong>korteks<\/strong> ve <strong>bazal ganglionlar<\/strong> bu k\u0131s\u0131mda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Beyin Yar\u0131m K\u00fcreleri (Hemisferler):<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Beynin sa\u011f ve sol olmak \u00fczere iki e\u015fit par\u00e7aya ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f halidir. Bu iki yar\u0131m k\u00fcreye \u201c<strong>sa\u011f hemisfer<\/strong>\u201d ve \u201c<strong>sol hemisfer<\/strong>\u201d denir.<\/p>\n<p>Birbirleriyle <strong>korpus kallozum<\/strong> (<strong>corpus callosum<\/strong>) ad\u0131 verilen sinir lifi a\u011f\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ileti\u015fim kurarlar.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Sa\u011f ve Sol Beyin G\u00f6revleri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Sa\u011f\u00a0<\/strong><strong>beyin \u00f6zellikleri \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00fczikal yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k,<\/li>\n<li>Sezgisellik,<\/li>\n<li>Yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k,<\/li>\n<li>B\u00fct\u00fcnsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme,<\/li>\n<li>Hayal kurma,<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00fczleri tan\u0131ma,<\/li>\n<li>Duygular\u0131 anlama,<\/li>\n<li>Hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanma.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Beynin sa\u011f taraf\u0131nda bir hasar olu\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek etkilerse \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve alg\u0131lar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi,<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f6rsel ve mek\u00e2nsal bozukluklar,<\/li>\n<li>Eksikliklere y\u00f6nelik fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>B\u00fcy\u00fck resmi g\u00f6rememek,<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f6rsel haf\u0131zan\u0131n zay\u0131flamas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fccudun sol k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki hareket kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn azalmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Sol Beyin:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4><strong>Sol beyin \u00f6zellikleri \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralanabilir;<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme yetene\u011fi,<\/li>\n<li>Mant\u0131k ve muhakeme,<\/li>\n<li>Matematik,<\/li>\n<li>Dil becerisi,<\/li>\n<li>S\u0131ralama,<\/li>\n<li>Do\u011frusal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Beynin sol taraf\u0131nda bir hasar olu\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek etkiler \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralanabilir:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u0131ralama bozukluklar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Mant\u0131ksal hatalar,<\/li>\n<li>Konu\u015fma ve dil konusunda zorluklar,<\/li>\n<li>Felaket tepkileri,<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fccudun sa\u011f k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki hareket kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn azalmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Beyin Korteksi (Cerebral Cortex):<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Bilin\u00e7li d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme, haf\u0131za, dikkat, \u00f6\u011frenme, istemli hareketlerin kontrol\u00fc burada ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/li>\n<li>Gri madde olarak bilinir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Bazal Ganglionlar (Bazal \u00c7ekirdekler):<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Hareketlerin ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve kontrol\u00fc.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130stemli kas hareketlerinin d\u00fczg\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li>Parkinson ve Huntington gibi hastal\u0131klarla ili\u015fkilidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Limbik Sistem:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Beynimizin derinliklerinde yer alan ve duygusal tepkiler, haf\u0131za, motivasyon gibi bir\u00e7ok temel i\u015flevi d\u00fczenleyen bir yap\u0131lar kompleksidir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Limbik Sistemin G\u00f6revleri<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Hipokampus:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Haf\u0131za olu\u015fumu ve \u00f6\u011frenme<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Amigdala:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Duygular\u0131n (\u00f6zellikle korku ve \u00f6fke) i\u015flenmesi<\/p>\n<p><strong>Singulat girus, septum pellucidum, fornix<\/strong> gibi yap\u0131lar da dahildir.<\/p>\n<p>Duygusal durumlar, i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcler ve motivasyon \u00fczerinde etkilidir.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Beynin Loblar\u0131 ve\u00a0 G\u00f6revleri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Frontal Lob (\u00d6n Lob):<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Al\u0131n b\u00f6lgesinde, beynin \u00f6n k\u0131sm\u0131nda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>G\u00f6revleri:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130stemli kas hareketlerini kontrol eder (motor korteks burada yer al\u0131r)<\/li>\n<li>Planlama, karar verme, problem \u00e7\u00f6zme<\/li>\n<li>Dikkat, konsantrasyon<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u015filik ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesi<\/li>\n<li>Konu\u015fma \u00fcretimi (Broca alan\u0131, sol frontal lobda)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Zedelenirse: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Davran\u0131\u015f De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri,<\/li>\n<li>Dikkat Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Konu\u015fma Bozukluklar\u0131 (Afazi),<\/li>\n<li>Motor Kontrol Sorunlar\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Parietal Lob (Yan Lob):<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Frontal lobun arkas\u0131nda, \u00fcst yan k\u0131s\u0131mdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>G\u00f6revleri:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Dokunma, bas\u0131n\u00e7, s\u0131cakl\u0131k, a\u011fr\u0131 gibi duyusal bilgileri i\u015fler (somatosensoriyel korteks)<\/li>\n<li>Mek\u00e2nsal alg\u0131 ve y\u00f6n tayini<\/li>\n<li>El-g\u00f6z koordinasyonu<\/li>\n<li>Nesnelerin boyut, \u015fekil ve y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc tan\u0131ma<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Parietal Lobdaki Baz\u0131 \u00d6nemli Yap\u0131lar<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Postsantral Girus:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu b\u00f6lge beynin primer duyusal korteksidir. Duyusal homonkulus denilen v\u00fcudun duyusal verilerinin i\u015flendi\u011fi, her v\u00fccut k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n belli bir korteks alan\u0131 ile temsil edildi\u011fi bir b\u00f6lgedir. Brodmann\u2019\u0131n 3. alan\u0131 olarak da bilinir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Posterior Parietal Korteks:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hareketlerin koordine edilmesi ve uzaysal muhakemede hayati rol oynar. Otomobil kullan\u0131rken yola f\u0131rlayan bir hayvan gibi yeni uyar\u0131lar\u0131n tetikledi\u011fi dikkati sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Superior Parietal Lob\u00fcl:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00c7evreye g\u00f6re ki\u015finin kendisinin ve di\u011fer nesnelerin oryantasyonunu kurmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ellerden de belirgin uyar\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ince becerileri koordine etmeye yard\u0131m etti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>\u0130nferior Parietal Lob\u00fcl:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Gerschwind b\u00f6lgesi olarak da bilinen bu alan y\u00fcz ifadelerini ve duygular\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeye yard\u0131m eder. Dil i\u015fleme, basit matematiksel i\u015flemler, v\u00fccut alg\u0131s\u0131 gibi farkl\u0131 alanlarda da g\u00f6revleri olabilir. Angular ve supramarginal girus da buradad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Zedelenirse: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u00fccudun kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n\u0131 alg\u0131lamama,<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00f6n bulma bozuklu\u011fu,<\/li>\n<li>Beden fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Temporal Lob (\u015eakak Lobu)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Kula\u011fa yak\u0131n \u015fakak b\u00f6lgesinde bulunur.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>G\u00f6revleri:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130\u015fitme ve ses tan\u0131ma (i\u015fitsel korteks burada yer al\u0131r)<\/li>\n<li>Dilin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 (Wernicke alan\u0131, genellikle sol temporal lobda)<\/li>\n<li>Haf\u0131za ve \u00f6\u011frenme<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00fcz tan\u0131ma ve duygusal tepkiler<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Temporal Lobdaki Baz\u0131 \u00d6nemli Alanlar<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Limbik Lob:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu b\u00f6lge asl\u0131nda birka\u00e7 lobun kesi\u015fiminde yer al\u0131r. Fakat temporal lobla direkt olarak ili\u015fkidedir. Sava\u015f ya da ka\u00e7 cevab\u0131 gibi otomatik duygusal reaksiyonlar\u0131 kontrol eder. Limbik lob haf\u0131za, \u00f6\u011frenme ve dikkat i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli yap\u0131lar olan hippokampus ve amigdalay\u0131 i\u00e7erir. \u0130\u015ftah, cinsel istek gibi bilin\u00e7 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 duygusal durumlar\u0131 ve baz\u0131 otomatik v\u00fccut fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Wernicke Alan\u0131:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Konu\u015fman\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ili\u015fkili bir b\u00f6lgedir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Broca Alan\u0131:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Konu\u015fman\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine yard\u0131m eder. Wernicke alan\u0131 ile beraber ileti\u015fimde \u00f6nemli bir yerdir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Zedelenirse: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130\u015fitme Bozukluklar\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Dil Anlama G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc,<\/li>\n<li>Haf\u0131za Sorunlar\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Oksipital Lob (Arka Lob):<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Beynin en arka k\u0131sm\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>G\u00f6revleri:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>G\u00f6rsel bilgilerin i\u015flenmesi (g\u00f6rme korteksi burada yer al\u0131r)<\/li>\n<li>Renk, \u0131\u015f\u0131k, hareket ve \u015fekil alg\u0131s\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Zedelenirse: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>G\u00f6rme bozukluklar\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Nesneleri tan\u0131yamama (g\u00f6rsel agnozi),<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f6rme alan\u0131 kay\u0131plar\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Diensefalon (Diencephalon):<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Bu k\u0131s\u0131m, telensefalonun alt\u0131nda ve beyin sap\u0131n\u0131n hemen \u00fcst\u00fcnde yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Talamus:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Duyusal bilgilerin (g\u00f6rme, i\u015fitme, dokunma gibi) beyin korteksine iletilmesi<\/li>\n<li>Duyusal veri i\u015fleme merkezi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Hipotalamus:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u00fccut i\u00e7 dengesi (homeostazi) sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li>A\u00e7l\u0131k, susuzluk, uyku, cinsellik, v\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131, hormon salg\u0131lanmas\u0131 gibi i\u015flevleri y\u00f6netir.<\/li>\n<li>Hipofiz beziyle birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak endokrin sistemi kontrol eder.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Epitalamus (Epifiz Bezi):<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Melatonin hormonu salg\u0131lar.<\/li>\n<li>Biyolojik saat ve uyku-uyan\u0131kl\u0131k ritmini d\u00fczenler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Orta Beyin (Mesencephalon) B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ve G\u00f6revleri<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Orta beyin, ba\u015fl\u0131ca d\u00f6rt ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fur:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Tegmentum:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Orta beynin i\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131nda, beyin sap\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n taraf\u0131nda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>G\u00f6revleri:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Kas tonusu ve reflekslerin d\u00fczenlenmesi<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f6z hareketlerinin kontrol\u00fc<\/li>\n<li>A\u011fr\u0131 ve duyusal bilgi iletimi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>\u0130\u00e7erdi\u011fi Yap\u0131lar:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00c7ekirdek (Nucleus Ruber):<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kas hareketlerinin kontrol\u00fcnde yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Substantia Nigra (Kara Madde):<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dopamin \u00fcretir, hareketin d\u00fczg\u00fcn yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar (Parkinson hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu yap\u0131 zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcr).<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Tektum:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Orta beynin arka (dorsal) k\u0131sm\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>G\u00f6revleri:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>G\u00f6rsel ve i\u015fitsel reflekslerin y\u00f6netimi<\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u0130\u00e7erdi\u011fi Yap\u0131lar:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>D\u00f6rt \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 b\u00f6lgeden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n<p>Bunlara <strong>corpora quadrigemina<\/strong> denir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>\u00dcst Ikiz \u00c7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar (Superior Colliculi):<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>G\u00f6rsel refleksler (\u00f6rne\u011fin ani \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa tepki)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Alt Ikiz \u00c7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar (Inferior Colliculi):<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0130\u015fitsel refleksler (\u00f6rne\u011fin y\u00fcksek sese irkilme)<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Serebral Ped\u00fcnk\u00fcller (Cerebral Peduncles):<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Orta beynin \u00f6n k\u0131sm\u0131nda bulunur.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>G\u00f6revleri:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Beyin korteksi ile omurilik, beyincik ve beyin sap\u0131 aras\u0131nda motor komutlar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130stemli hareketin iletiminde rol al\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Sylvian Akved\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (Aqueductus Cerebri \/ Serebral akved\u00fck)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Tegmentum ve tektum aras\u0131nda ince bir kanald\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>G\u00f6revi:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Ventrik\u00fcl ile 4. ventrik\u00fcl aras\u0131nda beyin omurilik s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n (BOS) ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Arka Beyin (Hindbrain) B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ve G\u00f6revleri<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Orta Beyin (Mesensefalon): <\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Beyin sap\u0131n\u0131n en \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>G\u00f6revleri:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>G\u00f6rme ve \u0130\u015fitme Reflekslerini Kontrol Eder:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Orta beyinde bulunan superior colliculus g\u00f6rsel refleksleri, inferior colliculus ise i\u015fitsel refleksleri d\u00fczenler. Bu sayede g\u00f6z k\u0131rpma, sese y\u00f6nelme gibi tepkiler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Kas Hareketlerini D\u00fczenler:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Orta beyin, kas tonusu ve istemli kas hareketlerinin koordinasyonunda g\u00f6rev al\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle dopamin salg\u0131layan b\u00f6lgeleri sayesinde motor hareketlerin ak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Motor ve Duyusal \u0130letimi Sa\u011flar:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Omurilikten gelen duyusal bilgileri ve beyinden gelen motor komutlar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek hedef b\u00f6lgelere iletir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Otonom Sinir Sistemini Etkiler:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Orta beyin, kalp at\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131, solunum gibi otonom (istemsiz) fonksiyonlar\u0131n da d\u00fczenlenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>A\u011fr\u0131 ve Uyku D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde Rol Oynar:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, orta beynin a\u011fr\u0131 alg\u0131s\u0131 ve uyan\u0131kl\u0131k-uyku d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde de etkili oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Pons (Varol K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc):<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Orta beyin ile omurilik so\u011fan\u0131 (medulla oblongata) aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>G\u00f6revleri:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Motor ve Duyusal \u0130leti\u015fim<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Varol K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc, beyin yar\u0131m k\u00fcreleriyle omurilik aras\u0131ndaki motor ve duyusal sinyalleri iletmek i\u00e7in bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bu sayede, beyin \u00fcst b\u00f6lgeleri ile v\u00fccut aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Motor Kontrol<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Beynin \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan gelen motor komutlar, kaslara iletilmek \u00fczere varol k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcnden ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Duyusal Bilgiler<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00fccutta olu\u015fan duyusal veriler (\u00f6rne\u011fin, dokunma, a\u011fr\u0131) varol k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcnden ge\u00e7erek beynin ilgili b\u00f6lgelerine ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Solunum D\u00fczenlemesi<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Varol K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc (Pons), solunum h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ve derinli\u011fini kontrol eden <strong>solunum merkezlerine<\/strong> sahip olan bir yap\u0131d\u0131r. Beyin sap\u0131ndaki bu merkezler, solunum ile ilgili refleksleri ve ritmi d\u00fczenler.<\/p>\n<p>Solunum sistemi, <strong>pons<\/strong> arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla beynin \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na haber g\u00f6nderir. Ve v\u00fccut ihtiyaca g\u00f6re h\u0131zla tepki verir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, egzersiz s\u0131ras\u0131nda daha h\u0131zl\u0131 nefes alma).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Uyku ve Uyan\u0131kl\u0131k D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Varol K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc (Pons), <strong>uyku-uyan\u0131kl\u0131k d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong> \u00fczerinde etkili bir rol oynar.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6zellikle <strong>REM uykusu<\/strong> (h\u0131zl\u0131 g\u00f6z hareketleriyle ilgili uyku evresi) s\u0131ras\u0131nda varol k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc aktif hale gelir. Ve beyin dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder.<\/p>\n<p>Uyand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, varol k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc uyan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Refleks ve Kas Koordinasyonu<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Varol K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc (Pons), baz\u0131 temel refleksleri d\u00fczenler ve kas hareketlerinin koordinasyonuna yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Beynin motor komutlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde iletilmesi, d\u00fczg\u00fcn hareketlerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6zellikle, <strong>g\u00f6z hareketleri<\/strong> ve <strong>y\u00fcz kaslar\u0131n\u0131n hareketi<\/strong> varol k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn kontrol\u00fcnde olabilir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Duyusal ve Motor Bilgilerle \u0130lgili Beyin-Omurilik \u0130leti\u015fimi<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Varol K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc (Pons), beynin di\u011fer k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan gelen duyusal bilgilerin i\u015flenmesini sa\u011flar. Ayr\u0131ca, kaslara y\u00f6nelik motor komutlar beyin korteksinden varol k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilir. Ve oradan uygun kaslara iletilir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Y\u00fcz ve G\u00f6z Hareketleri<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pons, y\u00fcz kaslar\u0131n\u0131n hareketini ve g\u00f6z hareketlerini kontrol eden baz\u0131 sinir yollar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Bu nedenle;<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>G\u00f6z k\u0131rpma<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li><strong>Y\u00fcz kaslar\u0131 hareketleri<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li><strong>G\u00fclme<\/strong> ve <strong>y\u00fcz ifadeleri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Varol k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc ile ili\u015fkilidir.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Medulla Oblongata (Omurilik So\u011fan\u0131):<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Beyin sap\u0131n\u0131n en alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Omurilikle do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>G\u00f6revleri:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Kalp at\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131, kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 ve nefes almay\u0131 y\u00f6netir:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Omurilik so\u011fan\u0131, kardiyovask\u00fcler ve solunum sistemlerinin kalp at\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131, nefesi, kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 ve daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eden birle\u015fik bir sistem halinde birbirine ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgedir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>V\u00fccudun otomatik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde g\u00f6rev al\u0131r:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00d6ks\u00fcrme, hap\u015f\u0131rma, yutma, kusma ve denge gibi v\u00fccudun otomatik olarak yerine getirdi\u011fi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde g\u00f6rev al\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lere genellikle ki\u015finin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesine gerek kalmadan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Sinir ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ana sinirlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu omurgada birle\u015ferek beyne sinyaller ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu sinyaller omurilik so\u011fan\u0131ndan ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>En S\u0131k G\u00f6r\u00fclen Beyin Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Beyin hastal\u0131klar\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli sebeplerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Ve bireylerin ya\u015fam kalitesini ciddi \u015fekilde etkileyebilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u0130\u015fte en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen baz\u0131 beyin hastal\u0131klar\u0131:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Alzheimer Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Genellikle ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131kla ili\u015fkili bir hastal\u0131k olan Alzheimer, haf\u0131za kayb\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme becerilerinde azalma ve davran\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ile karakterizedir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Belirtiler: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Unutkanl\u0131k,<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00f6nelim Kayb\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Dil Becerilerinde Zorluk<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u015filik De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Parkinson Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Beynin hareket kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flayan b\u00f6lgelerdeki dopamin \u00fcretiminin azalmas\u0131 sonucu meydana gelir. Bu hastal\u0131k motor becerilerde zay\u0131flamaya yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Belirtiler: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Titreme (Tremor),<\/li>\n<li>Kas Sertli\u011fi,<\/li>\n<li>Hareketlerde Yava\u015flama,<\/li>\n<li>Denge Problemleri.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Migren:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddetli ve tekrarlay\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu, genellikle bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131n bir taraf\u0131nda hissedilen bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Migren ataklar\u0131 bazen bulant\u0131, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa duyarl\u0131l\u0131k ve kusma gibi semptomlarla birlikte gelir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Belirtiler: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u015eiddetli Ba\u015f A\u011fr\u0131s\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>I\u015f\u0131k ve Ses Duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Bulant\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Kusma<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>\u0130nme (Fel\u00e7):<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Beyindeki kan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n aniden kesilmesiyle meydana gelir. Beyin h\u00fccreleri oksijensiz kal\u0131r. Ve hasar g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Belirtiler: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Y\u00fczde Asimetri,<\/li>\n<li>Konu\u015fma Bozuklu\u011fu,<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fccutta Uyu\u015fma veya G\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fck,<\/li>\n<li>Ba\u015f D\u00f6nmesi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Epilepsi:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Beyindeki anormal elektriksel aktiviteler sonucu n\u00f6betler meydana gelir. Epilepsi, n\u00f6betlerin tekrarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Belirtiler: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00f6betler,<\/li>\n<li>Bilin\u00e7 Kayb\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Kas\u0131lmalar,<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f6zde Kayma,<\/li>\n<li>Haf\u0131za Kayb\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Depresyon ve Anksiyete:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Beyindeki kimyasal dengesizlikler nedeniyle ruhsal sa\u011fl\u0131k problemleri geli\u015febilir. Depresyon ve anksiyete, beyin fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen yayg\u0131n hastal\u0131klard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Belirtiler: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u00fcrekli \u00dczg\u00fcn Hissetme,<\/li>\n<li>\u0130lgi Kayb\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Uyku Problemleri,<\/li>\n<li>Kayg\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Huzursuzluk<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Multipl Skleroz (MS):<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Beyin ve omurili\u011fi etkileyen bir ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Sinirlerin etraf\u0131ndaki koruyucu k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131n (miyelin) hasar g\u00f6rmesi sonucu sinir iletimi bozulur.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Belirtiler: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>G\u00f6rme Problemleri,<\/li>\n<li>Kas G\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc,<\/li>\n<li>Denge Kayb\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Uyu\u015fma.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"8\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Beyin T\u00fcm\u00f6rleri:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Beyin dokusunda anormal h\u00fccrelerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesiyle meydana gelir. \u0130yi huylu veya k\u00f6t\u00fc huylu olabilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Belirtiler: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Ba\u015f A\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Bulant\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>N\u00f6betler,<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f6rme Kayb\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Denge Problemleri.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"9\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>Dikkat Eksikli\u011fi ve Hiperaktivite Bozuklu\u011fu (DEHB):<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Genellikle \u00e7ocukluk d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flayan, dikkat eksikli\u011fi ve hiperaktivite ile karakterize edilen bir n\u00f6rogeli\u015fimsel bozukluktur.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Belirtiler:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Dikkat Eksikli\u011fi,<\/li>\n<li>Huzursuzluk,<\/li>\n<li>A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Hareketlilik,<\/li>\n<li>D\u00fcrt\u00fcsellik.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"10\">\n<li>\n<h3><strong>\u015eizofreni:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, duygu ve davran\u0131\u015flarda bozukluklarla kendini g\u00f6steren ciddi bir psikiyatrik hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Beyinde kimyasal dengesizlikler sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Belirtiler:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Hal\u00fcsinasyonlar,<\/li>\n<li>Del\u00fczyonlar,<\/li>\n<li>Ger\u00e7eklikten Kopma,<\/li>\n<li>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerde Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kl\u0131k.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>\u0130nsan Beyninin Y\u00fczde Ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 Kullan\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u0130nsan sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir beyne sahipse bu beynin tamam\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir. Belirli beyin b\u00f6lgelerinde bir hasar s\u00f6z konusuysa bu durum de\u011fi\u015febilir. Hastal\u0131ktan veya hasardan kaynakl\u0131 olarak bu beyin b\u00f6lgeleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclebilir veya yok olabilir.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Beynin Dinlenmesi \u0130\u00e7in Ka\u00e7 Saat Uyku Gerekir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Yeti\u015fkinler ve ya\u015fl\u0131lar i\u00e7in gerekli uyku s\u00fcresi genellikle 7 ila 9 saattir.<\/li>\n<li>Gen\u00e7ler ve okul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in bu s\u00fcre yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 9,5 saattir.<\/li>\n<li>Bebekler i\u00e7inse g\u00fcnl\u00fck uyku s\u00fcresi 16 ila 18 saattir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu uyku s\u00fcresi bebeklerde b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve beyin geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130nsan Beyni Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r? \u0130nsan beyni, elektriksel ve kimyasal sinyallerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan son derece karma\u015f\u0131k bir organd\u0131r. Temel olarak n\u00f6ron ad\u0131 verilen sinir h\u00fccrelerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu dev bir ileti\u015fim a\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Beyni olu\u015fturan \u00fc\u00e7 ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm \u015funlard\u0131r: Beyin (Serebrum):\u00a0 Serebrum beynin en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r ve yakla\u015f\u0131k %80&#8217;ini olu\u015fturur. Serebrum sa\u011f ve sol olmak \u00fczere iki yar\u0131m [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":11284,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2208],"tags":[2990],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.5 (Yoast SEO v18.4.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0130nsan Beyni Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r? - Turkey Istanbul Medical<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0130nsan beyni, elektriksel ve kimyasal sinyallerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan son derece karma\u015f\u0131k bir organd\u0131r. 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