{"id":10994,"date":"2025-01-02T15:37:41","date_gmt":"2025-01-02T15:37:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/?p=10994"},"modified":"2025-01-02T15:40:10","modified_gmt":"2025-01-02T15:40:10","slug":"perianal-fistul-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/perianal-fistul-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Perianal Fist\u00fcl Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"
Perianal Fist\u00fcl, iki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z organ\u0131 veya kan damar\u0131n\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan anormal t\u00fcp benzeri bir ge\u00e7it veya ba\u011flant\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Genellikle yaralanma, enfeksiyon, ameliyat sonras\u0131 komplikasyonlar veya cerrahi tedavi sonucu olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
Latince “fist\u00fcl” teriminden t\u00fcretilen ve “t\u00fcp” anlam\u0131na gelen bu durum, genellikle an\u00fcs \u00e7evresinde olu\u015fur. Apseler, cerrahi prosed\u00fcrler veya Crohn hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli fakt\u00f6rler nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\n
Fist\u00fcller v\u00fccuttaki yerlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131 semptomlar g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar ve mesane aras\u0131nda meydana geldiklerinde, genellikle idrar yolu enfeksiyonlar\u0131 veya idrarda kan (hemat\u00fcri) gibi semptomlara yol a\u00e7abilirler.<\/p>\n
Fist\u00fcl cerrahisi genellikle fist\u00fcl\u00fcn kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir tedavi olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Ancak tedavi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, durumun ciddiyetine ve hastan\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015febilir.<\/p>\n
Anal fist\u00fcller, ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n sonu ile an\u00fcs\u00fc \u00e7evreleyen deri aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan anormal, t\u00fcnel benzeri yap\u0131lard\u0131r.
\nGenellikle an\u00fcs yak\u0131n\u0131nda bir enfeksiyon sonucu geli\u015fen bir apse sonucu olu\u015furlar.
\nApse bo\u015fald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kanal kalabilir.
\nAnal fist\u00fcller rahats\u0131zl\u0131k ve cilt tahri\u015fi gibi ho\u015f olmayan semptomlara neden olabilir.
\nGenellikle kendi kendine iyile\u015fmezler. \u00c7o\u011fu durumda cerrahi olarak kapat\u0131lmalar\u0131 gerekir.
\nAnal fist\u00fcllerin en \u00f6nemli nedeni an\u00fcs \u00e7evresinde geli\u015fen apselerdir.<\/p>\n
Her iki ila d\u00f6rt ki\u015fiden birinde anal apse geli\u015fece\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Anal fist\u00fcller genellikle tedavi edilmedikleri takdirde nadiren iyile\u015ftikleri i\u00e7in ameliyat gerektirirler.<\/p>\n
\u0130drar yolu fist\u00fclleri<\/strong>,\u00a0idrar yolunu olu\u015fturan organlar ile deri veya yak\u0131ndaki ba\u015fka bir organ aras\u0131nda anormal bir ba\u011flant\u0131d\u0131r. Vajina ve mesane aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Kad\u0131nlarda en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen idrar yolu fist\u00fcl\u00fc t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. En s\u0131k rastlanan nedeni histerektomi ameliyat\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015fidir.<\/p>\n Mesane ve ba\u011f\u0131rsak aras\u0131nda bulunur. En yayg\u0131n idrar yolu fist\u00fcllerinden biridir.<\/p>\n Mesane ve uterus aras\u0131nda bulunur.<\/p>\n Vajina ve \u00fcreter aras\u0131nda bulunur. \u00dcreter b\u00f6brekler ve mesane aras\u0131nda idrar ta\u015f\u0131yan t\u00fcp \u015feklindeki organd\u0131r. Bu grup fist\u00fcllerin \u00e7o\u011fu ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f histerektomi veya di\u011fer pelvik cerrahi i\u015flemler nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n Vajina ve \u00fcretra aras\u0131nda bulunur. \u00dcretra idrar\u0131 v\u00fccuttan atan idrar yolu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak ile mesane aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Vajina ile rektum (kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n son k\u0131sm\u0131) aras\u0131nda bulunur.<\/p>\n Ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131n iki farkl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc aras\u0131nda olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n \u0130nce ba\u011f\u0131rsak ile kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak aras\u0131nda anormal bir ba\u011flant\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ba\u011f\u0131rsak ile cilt aras\u0131nda bulunur.<\/p>\n Vajina ile ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar aras\u0131nda olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n Bu fist\u00fcller, v\u00fccudun farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde meydana gelerek \u00e7e\u015fitli sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. Ve genellikle cerrahi m\u00fcdahale gerektirir.<\/p>\n Uzun s\u00fcre iyile\u015fmeyen ve v\u00fccut s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131yla s\u00fcrekli dolan apseler, cilde, bir v\u00fccut bo\u015flu\u011funa veya bir organa do\u011fru uzanarak fist\u00fcl olu\u015fumuna sebep olabilir.<\/p>\n Do\u011fum s\u0131ras\u0131nda meydana gelen ciddi vajinal y\u0131rt\u0131klar ya da <\/span>epizyotomi kesiklerinde g<\/span>eli<\/span>\u015f<\/span>en enf<\/span>ek<\/span>siyon<\/span>, vajina i<\/span>l<\/span>e rektum aras\u0131nda rektovajinal fist\u00fcl\u00fcn<\/span> olu\u015fmas\u0131na<\/span> yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n Bu t\u00fcr c<\/span>err<\/span>ahi<\/span> m\u00fcd<\/span>ah<\/span>alelerin<\/span> ard\u0131ndan <\/span>ba\u011f\u0131rsaklarda da <\/span>fist\u00fcl olu\u015fumu g\u00f6zlemlenebilir. Ayr<\/span>\u0131c<\/span>a, kanser tedavisi s\u0131ras\u0131nda <\/span>uygulanan radyoterapi sonras\u0131nda<\/span> da benzer<\/span> d<\/span>ur<\/span>uml<\/span>ar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. <\/span><\/p>\n Crohn <\/span>hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fclseratif kolit gibi il<\/span>tih<\/span>abi<\/span> ba\u011f\u0131rsak hastal\u0131klar\u0131, <\/span>cinsel yolla bula\u015fan baz\u0131 enfeksiyonlar, HIV veya<\/span> t\u00fcberk\u00fcloz gibi hasta<\/span>l\u0131kl<\/span>ar da <\/span>fist\u00fcl olu\u015fumuna s<\/span>eb<\/span>ep<\/span> olabilecek d<\/span>i\u011fe<\/span>r etke<\/span>nl<\/span>er ara<\/span>s\u0131<\/span>nda<\/span>d\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n K<\/span>an<\/span>se<\/span>r biyolojik<\/span> yap\u0131ya zarar vererek <\/span>fist\u00fcl olu\u015fumunu tetikleyebilir. Bunun<\/span> yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, <\/span>kanser tedavil<\/span>er<\/span>inde k<\/span>ull<\/span>an\u0131l<\/span>an radyoterapi de bu<\/span> s\u00fcr<\/span>eci<\/span> h<\/span>\u0131z<\/span>la<\/span>nd\u0131r<\/span>abi<\/span>lir.<\/p>\n Kateter veya endoskopi gibi t\u0131bbi cihazlar\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131m\u0131 sonucunda<\/span> meyd<\/span>ana<\/span> gelebilecek <\/span>yaralar\u0131n iltihaplanmas\u0131 yine <\/span>fist\u00fcl g<\/span>e<\/span>li<\/span>\u015fi<\/span>mi<\/span>ne<\/span> zem<\/span>in<\/span> h<\/span>az<\/span>\u0131rl<\/span>aya<\/span>bilir.<\/p>\n Kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsakta yer<\/span> alan <\/span>k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck keseciklerin enfekte<\/span> olmas\u0131, ba\u015fka bir <\/span>fist\u00fcl sebebi <\/span>olarak<\/span> d<\/span>e\u011f<\/span>er<\/span>len<\/span>d<\/span>ir<\/span>ilebili<\/span>r.<\/p>\n Kron<\/span>i<\/span>k cilt hastal\u0131k<\/span>lar<\/span>\u0131 da <\/span>apselere ve yara izlerine neden olarak <\/span>be<\/span>rab<\/span>erinde<\/span> fist\u00fcl olu\u015fumunu g<\/span>eti<\/span>re<\/span>bil<\/span>ir.<\/span><\/p>\n R<\/span>ek<\/span>tal <\/span>b\u00f6<\/span>lge<\/span>de veya an\u00fcs \u00e7evresinde yap\u0131lan <\/span>hemoroid y<\/span>a da di\u011fer ameliyatlar, <\/span>rahmin al\u0131nmas\u0131, sezaryen oper<\/span>asy<\/span>on<\/span>lar\u0131<\/span> ve vajinan\u0131n arka duvar\u0131na y\u00f6n<\/span>e<\/span>lik<\/span> c<\/span>err<\/span>ahi<\/span> i\u015flemler de <\/span>fist\u00fcl g<\/span>e<\/span>li<\/span>\u015fi<\/span>mi<\/span>ni<\/span> t<\/span>et<\/span>ikl<\/span>eye<\/span>n f<\/span>akt<\/span>\u00f6r<\/span>l
\nBu \u0130drar fist\u00fclleri inkontinansa ve enfeksiyona neden olabilir.
\nGenellikle \u00e7e\u015fitli ameliyatlardan sonra, travma nedeniyle, belirli hastal\u0131klar\u0131n bir komplikasyonu olarak veya radyasyon tedavisi nedeniyle olu\u015furlar.
\nEn s\u0131k histerektomi (rahim al\u0131nmas\u0131) ve sezaryen gibi abdominal veya pelvik ameliyatlar s\u0131ras\u0131nda mesanenin hasar g\u00f6rmesi sonucu olu\u015furlar.
\n\u0130drar fist\u00fcllerinin \u00e7o\u011fu cerrahi olarak onar\u0131l\u0131r.
\nEn s\u0131k \u00fcretra ve vajina aras\u0131nda olu\u015furlar. Anormal ba\u011flant\u0131 vajinadan d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 ve idrar s\u0131zmas\u0131na neden olabilir. \u0130drar yolunda olu\u015fabilen bir\u00e7ok fist\u00fcl t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n
Vezikovajinal Fist\u00fcl:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Enterovezikal Fist\u00fcl:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Vezikouterin Fist\u00fcl:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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\u00dcreterovajinal Fist\u00fcl:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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\u00dcretrovajinal Fist\u00fcl:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Kolovezikal Fist\u00fcl:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Rektovajinal Fist\u00fcl: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00a0<\/strong>Di\u011fer Fist\u00fcller:<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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Enteroenterik Fist\u00fcl: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Enterokolik Fist\u00fcl:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Enterokutan Fist\u00fcl: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Enterovaginal: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Perianal Fist\u00fcl Neden Olu\u015fur?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n
Fist\u00fcl Olu\u015fum Nedenleri: <\/strong><\/h3>\n
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\u0130yile\u015fmeyen Apseler:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Do\u011fum S\u0131ras\u0131nda Olu\u015fan Y\u0131rt\u0131klar: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Sindirim Sistemi Ameliyatlar\u0131:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Kronik \u0130nflamatuar Ba\u011f\u0131rsak Hastal\u0131klar\u0131: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Kanser: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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T\u0131bbi Cihazlar:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Divertik\u00fclit: <\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Hidradenitis Suppurativa:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Cerrahi \u0130\u015flemler:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n