{"id":315,"date":"2019-08-22T09:46:36","date_gmt":"2019-08-22T09:46:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/?post_type=portfolio&#038;p=315"},"modified":"2021-05-21T15:17:28","modified_gmt":"2021-05-21T15:17:28","slug":"bogaz-hastaliklari","status":"publish","type":"portfolio","link":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/bogaz-hastaliklari\/","title":{"rendered":"Bo\u011faz Hastal\u0131klar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"Guatr\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/\">Guatr<\/a> <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Adem elmas\u0131n\u0131n hemen alt\u0131nda, boynun k\u00f6k k\u0131sm\u0131nda yer alan, kelebek bi\u00e7imindeki olu\u015fumlar tiroit bezleridir. Bu tiroit bezlerinin \u015fi\u015ferek b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi sonucunda guatr ad\u0131 verilen hastal\u0131k ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. \u00d6ks\u00fcr\u00fc\u011fe ve yutkunma zorlu\u011funa sebep olan guatr, \u00e7o\u011funlukla a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Tiroit bezlerindeki bu \u015fi\u015fme e\u011fer k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck orandaysa ve olu\u015fan guatr ba\u015fka olumsuz bir duruma sebebiyet vermiyorsa genellikle tedaviye ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaz. Tabii bu dikkat edilmemesi gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3116\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"385\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre.jpg 385w, https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre-296x300.jpg 296w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 385px) 100vw, 385px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Guatr Nas\u0131l Olu\u015fur?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Tiroit bezleri, tiroksin (T-4) ve triiyodotironin (T-3) ad\u0131 verilen iki \u00f6nemli hormonu \u00fcretmekle g\u00f6revlidir. Bu hormonlar, v\u00fccutta kan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ederek metabolizmay\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir. V\u00fccudun ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu karbonhidrat ve ya\u011f oran\u0131n\u0131 koruyarak v\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, kalp ritmini ve ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan protein miktar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder. Bu hormonlar\u0131n yeterli miktarda \u00fcretilmemesi guatr olu\u015fumuna neden olabilece\u011fi gibi, ba\u015fka bir sebeple olu\u015fan guatr da bu hormonlar\u0131n \u00fcretilmesini engelleyebilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong> \u0130yot eksikli\u011fi<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Tiroit hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretilmesinde son derece \u00f6nemli olan iyot \u00e7o\u011funlukla, deniz suyu ve k\u0131y\u0131 kesimlerinde yer alan topraklarda bulunur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda k\u0131y\u0131dan uzak, i\u00e7 kesimlerde ya da deniz seviyesinden y\u00fcksek yerlerde ya\u015famak zorunda kalan insanlarda \u00e7o\u011funlukla iyot eksikli\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu da, daha fazla iyot \u00fcretmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan tiroit bezlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek guatr olu\u015fturmas\u0131na sebep olur. \u0130yot eksikli\u011fi, kabak, brokoli ya da karnabahar gibi hormon \u00f6nleyici g\u0131dalar\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 diyetler uygulan\u0131rsa daha da artar.<\/p>\n<h4><strong> Zehirli guatr hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Graves hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Guatr bazen, tiroit bezinin \u00e7ok fazla tiroit hormonu \u00fcretmesiyle (hipertiroit) ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Graves hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen antikorlar, yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla tiroit bezine sald\u0131rarak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 miktarda tiroksin \u00fcretimine sebep olurlar. Bu uyar\u0131m tiroit bezinin \u015fi\u015fmesine neden olur.<\/p>\n<h4><strong> Hashimoto hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Graves hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tam tersi bir durum olarak, hashimoto hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda guatr, tiroid bezinin gere\u011finden az \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 (hipotiroit) durumunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. \u0130ki hastal\u0131kta da guatr\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemindeki bozukluktan kaynaklan\u0131r. Ancak hashimoto hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tiroit bezinin \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na sebep olmak yerine dokusal zarar yaratarak daha az hormon \u00fcretmesine neden olur. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck hormon seviyesini alg\u0131layan hipofiz bezi, tiroit bezini daha fazla uyararak, bezin \u015fi\u015fmesine sebebiyet verir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong> Multinod\u00fcler guatr<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Tiroit bezinde birden fazla nod\u00fcl bulunmas\u0131na t\u0131p dilinde multinod\u00fcler guatr ad\u0131 verilir. Multinod\u00fcler guatrda, kat\u0131 ya da i\u00e7i s\u0131v\u0131 dolu hallerde olu\u015fan nod\u00fcl topak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 tiroit bezinin iki yan\u0131nda olu\u015fup bezin \u015fi\u015fmesine sebep olurlar.<\/p>\n<p>Bu vakada da nod\u00fcl, tiroit bezinin tek bir kanad\u0131nda olu\u015fur ve yine ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde bezin \u015fi\u015fmesine neden olur. Nod\u00fcller \u00e7o\u011funlukla zararl\u0131 kanser h\u00fccresi bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaz ve kansere sebep olmaz ancak kontrol alt\u0131nda tutulmalar\u0131 ya da ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmas\u0131 halinde al\u0131nmalar\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong> Tiroit kanseri<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Nod\u00fcle ba\u011fl\u0131 geli\u015fen guatr vakalar\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131nda, nod\u00fcller kansere sebep olabilir. Ancak bu durum \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir ihtimaldir. Doktorlar \u015f\u00fcpheli bir durumda, tiroit bezinden biyopsiyle bir par\u00e7a alarak incelemeye g\u00f6nderir ve \u00e7\u0131kan sonuca g\u00f6re bir yol haritas\u0131 belirlenir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong> Hamilelik<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u0130nsan koryonik gonadotropin (HCG) olarak bilinen hormon, kad\u0131nlarda hamilelik d\u00f6neminde \u00fcretilir. Yumurtay\u0131 besleyen ve sonras\u0131nda uterus duvar\u0131na tutunan h\u00fccreler taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan koryonik gonadotropin hormonu, tiroit bezinin \u015fi\u015fmesine sebep olabilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong> Guatrojen besinler<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Guatr hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkemizde en yayg\u0131n Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bunun nedeni y\u00f6resel olarak, guatrojen bir sebze olan karalahanan\u0131n \u00e7ok t\u00fcketilmesidir. Karalahanan\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yer f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131, soya fasulyesi, turp, \u015falgam, \u0131spanak gibi guatrojen besinlern t\u00fcketilmesi de tiroit bezlerinde \u015fi\u015fmeye neden olur.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Guatr\u0131n Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Hafif vakalarda tiroit bezindeki \u015fi\u015flik bir sorun yaratmaz. Ancak ilerleyen baz\u0131 guatr durumlar\u0131nda:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Boyun k\u00f6k\u00fcnde, makyaj yaparken ya da t\u0131ra\u015f olurken belirgin hale gelen \u015fi\u015flik<\/li>\n<li>G\u0131rtlakta s\u0131k\u0131lma hissi<\/li>\n<li>A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 terleme<\/li>\n<li>Horlama<\/li>\n<li>Sinirlilik<\/li>\n<li>Adet d\u00fczensizli\u011fi<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u015ftahta art\u0131\u015f ya da i\u015ftahs\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 ani kilo al\u0131m\u0131 ve kilo kayb\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6ks\u00fcr\u00fck<\/li>\n<li>Ses k\u0131s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Yutkunurken ve nefes al\u0131rken zorluk gibi semptomlarla kendini belli eder. <strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Guatr Nas\u0131l Anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Guatr hastas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fhisi i\u00e7in bir endokrinoloji doktoruna g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fclmesi gerekir. Burada doktorun, bo\u011faz b\u00f6lgesine elleriyle yapaca\u011f\u0131 muayenenin ard\u0131ndan hastan\u0131n \u015fikayetleri dinlenir. Guatr\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulabilmek i\u00e7in doktor, baz\u0131 testler ister.<\/p>\n<h4><strong> Hormon testi<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kan testi sayesinde tiroit bezinizin \u00fcretti\u011fi hormon miktar\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131r ve tiroit bezinin dengeli miktarda hormon \u00fcretip \u00fcretmedi\u011fi g\u00f6zlemlenir.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"wp-image-3120 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"346\" height=\"231\" srcset=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre1.jpg 476w, https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre1-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ultrasonografi<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Hamilelikte yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan ultrosonografiyle bo\u011faz ve g\u0131rtlak b\u00f6lgeniz incelenerek tiroit bezinizin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne, nod\u00fcl olu\u015fup olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong> Antikor testi<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Antikor testinde, kanda bulunan antikorlar\u0131n say\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir ve guatr\u0131n sebebinin fazla miktardaki antikordan kaynakl\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Guatr Nas\u0131l Tedavi Edilir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Guatr tedavisi, guatr\u0131n boyutuna, ki\u015fide ba\u015fka sorunlara sebep olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve belirtilerine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6sterir. Bu nedenle guatr nas\u0131l ge\u00e7er sorusuna birden fazla cevap vermek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. E\u011fer guatr\u0131n boyutu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckse, tedaviye gerek duyulmaz ancak b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi ihtimaline kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenli kontrol gerektirir. Doktorunuz uygun g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taktirde sizi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tedavi yollar\u0131ndan birine y\u00f6nlendirebilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong> \u0130yot takviyesi<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>E\u011fer guatr, iyot eksikli\u011finden kaynakl\u0131 olu\u015fmu\u015fsa hastaya iyot takviyesi yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu temel g\u0131dalardan al\u0131nabilece\u011fi gibi hastaya radyoaktif iyot takviyesi de yap\u0131labilir. Radyoaktif iyot takviyesi, tiroit bezlerinin normal boyutlara ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flasa da tiroit bezinde tembelli\u011fe sebep olabilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong> \u0130la\u00e7la tedavi<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Hipotiroid ya da hipertroide ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olu\u015fan guatr hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ila\u00e7 tedavisiyle hormonal denge sa\u011flanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Hipotiroit durumunda levotiroxin i\u00e7eren ila\u00e7lar re\u00e7ete edilerek tiroit uyar\u0131c\u0131 hormonlar\u0131n \u00fcretiminin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. Hipertiroit kaynakl\u0131 guatrda ise hormon seviyesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ila\u00e7lar kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong> Cerrahi m\u00fcdahale<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>E\u011fer tiroit bezinin geni\u015flemesine sebep olan \u015fey nod\u00fcllerse, doktorunuz bu nod\u00fcllerin iyi huylu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenebilmek i\u00e7in ultrason yard\u0131m\u0131yla biyopsi yapar. Sonucun olumsuz \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 halinde hasta ameliyata al\u0131narak nod\u00fcller cerrahi operasyonla tiroit bezinden al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Hipertiroidi<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4><strong>Hipertiroidi (Zehirli Guatr) Belirtileri;<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c7arp\u0131nt\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Ellerde ve v\u00fccutta titreme,<\/li>\n<li>Ani kilo kayb\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Sa\u00e7larda d\u00f6k\u00fclme,<\/li>\n<li>Ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Bo\u011fazda dolgunluk hissi,<\/li>\n<li>A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 i\u015ftah dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7ok yemek yeme ve su i\u00e7me,<\/li>\n<li>A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 terleme,<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7abuk yorulma,<\/li>\n<li>Sinirlilik s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fikayetlerdir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Hipotiroidi Tedavisi<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Yap\u0131lacak kan testleri sonucu te\u015fhisin do\u011frulanmas\u0131n\u0131 takiben eksik olan tiroit hormonunu vererek \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 iyile\u015fme sa\u011flamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu hastalar \u00f6m\u00fcr boyunca ila\u00e7 kullanmak zorundad\u0131r. Tedavide kullan\u0131lan tiroit hormonunun standart dozu yoktur. Bu nedenle her hastada yap\u0131lacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm ve takiplerle ger\u00e7ek ve do\u011fru idame dozu bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Geniz_eti\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Geniz eti<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Geniz eti (adenoid), bebekleri ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 hasta olmaktan korumaya yard\u0131mc\u0131, s\u00fcngerimsi dokulara verilen add\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.drayferulcay.com\/hastaliklar\/kbb-hastaliklari\/cocuk-kbb-hastaliklari\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Geniz eti,<\/a> burun bo\u015flu\u011funun arka taraf\u0131nda ve a\u011f\u0131z \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerindedir ve ayn\u0131 bademcik gibi, zararl\u0131 bakteri ve vir\u00fcsleri yakalayarak ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini uyararak, v\u00fccudun sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 kalmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Geniz eti, ayr\u0131ca v\u00fccudun enfeksiyonlarla sava\u015fmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 antikorlar\u0131 da i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Geniz Etinin B\u00fcy\u00fcmesine Sebep Olan Fakt\u00f6rler Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Baz\u0131 durumlarda, v\u00fccuda girmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan mikropla sava\u015f\u0131rken, geniz eti dokusunda \u015fi\u015fme meydana gelebilir. Bu \u015fi\u015fme, genellikle kendi kendine d\u00fczelir fakat bazen tedavi ile \u015fi\u015fkinli\u011fe m\u00fcdahale etmek gerekebilir. Geniz etinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan bir durumdur. Bu durumda, bademcikler de b\u00fcy\u00fcme g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Geniz Eti B\u00fcy\u00fcmesinin Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Burun t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fur; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7ocuk, burundan nefes almakta zorlan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Nefes almak zorla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, uykuya dalmada zorluk ve horlama meydana gelir. Bu nedenle \u00e7ocuk uykusuz kal\u0131r ve yorgun olur.<\/li>\n<li>Bo\u011faz a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ve yutkunma g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>Boyunda bezeler meydana gelir.<\/li>\n<li>Kulak problemleri olu\u015fur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Geniz Eti B\u00fcy\u00fcmesinin Tan\u0131s\u0131 Nas\u0131l Konur?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Geniz eti b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinin tan\u0131s\u0131 koymak i\u00e7in, doktorunuz, \u00f6ncelikle kulak burun bo\u011faz muayenesi yapacakt\u0131r. Baz\u0131 durumlarda endoskopik y\u00f6ntemle geniz eti muayene edilebilir ya da r\u00f6ntgen istenebilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Geniz Eti Nas\u0131l Tedavi Edilir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Geniz eti tedavisinde \u00f6ncelikle ila\u00e7la tedavi y\u00f6ntemi uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Antibiyotik tedavisine ba\u015flanmadan \u00f6nce hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olan mikrobun tipinin belirlenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fer iltihaplanma s\u0131k s\u0131k tekrarlan\u0131yorsa, geniz eti, art\u0131k koruyucu olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p zarar veren bir yap\u0131 haline gelmeye ba\u015flar. Bu durumda ameliyatla al\u0131nmalar\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>Geniz ameliyat\u0131, kolay uygulanabilen ve a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 az olan bir ameliyatt\u0131r. Genel anestezi alt\u0131nda, b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f olan geniz eti \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131r. Ameliyat sonras\u0131 hasta ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde evine d\u00f6nebilir. Nadir durumlarda burnun arkas\u0131na tampon konulmas\u0131 ve hastan\u0131n bir gece boyunca hastanede misafir edilmesi gerekebilir. Baz\u0131 hastalarda geniz eti tekrar b\u00fcy\u00fcme g\u00f6sterebilir. Bu durumda operasyon tekrarlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Bademcik\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Bademcik<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Bademcikler, bo\u011faz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n her iki yan\u0131nda bulunan yap\u0131lard\u0131r ve bo\u011faza giren bakteri, vir\u00fcs ve alerjen gibi davetsiz misafirlerin v\u00fccuda giri\u015f yap\u0131p yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder. Bademcikler, lenfoid h\u00fccrelerden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur ve v\u00fccudun ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin par\u00e7as\u0131 olan lenfositleri \u00fcretir.<\/p>\n<p>Bademcik iltihab\u0131 (tonsilit), bademciklerin mikroplarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 ve \u015fi\u015fmesi sonucunda geli\u015fir. Bademcik iltihab\u0131, d\u00f6rt-be\u015f ya\u015flar\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklarda daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte ve enfeksiyonlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak b\u00fcy\u00fcmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3163\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre.png 650w, https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre-300x150.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Bademcik \u0130ltihab\u0131n\u0131n Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Bademcik iltihab\u0131n\u0131n en belirgin semptomlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bademciklerin k\u0131zarm\u0131\u015f, \u015fi\u015fmi\u015f ve \u00fczerinin beyaz &#8211; sar\u0131 renkli bir maddeyle kaplanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Bo\u011faz a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Yutkunma s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u011fr\u0131 veya rahats\u0131zl\u0131k hissi<\/li>\n<li>K\u00f6t\u00fc a\u011f\u0131z kokusu<\/li>\n<li>Ate\u015f<\/li>\n<li>Seste \u00e7atalla\u015fma<\/li>\n<li>Boyundaki lenf bezlerinde \u015fi\u015fme<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Bademcik \u0130ltihab\u0131 Nas\u0131l Te\u015fhis Edilir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Bademcik enfeksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n tedavisinde enfeksiyon etkeninin bulunmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Bunun i\u00e7in bo\u011faz k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc veya h\u0131zl\u0131 antijen tarama testi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilmektedir. Bademcik enfeksiyonlar\u0131 genelde kendi kendini s\u0131n\u0131rlayan bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r ancak bazen enfeksiyon \u00e7evre dokulara yay\u0131labilir ve enfeksiyon geni\u015fleyebilir. Yeterli tedavi edilmeyen baz\u0131 hastalarda eklemleri ve b\u00f6brekleri etkileyen k\u00f6t\u00fc sonu\u00e7lar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Bundan dolay\u0131, bademcik enfeksiyonunda bo\u011faz k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc sonucu bakteriyel bir enfeksiyon oldu\u011fu saptan\u0131rsa, ilk 7-10 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde antibiyotik tedavisi uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Bademcik \u0130ltihab\u0131 Nas\u0131l Tedavi Edilir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Bademcikler iltihapland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle ila\u00e7la tedavi y\u00f6ntemi uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Antibiyotik tedavisine ba\u015flanmadan \u00f6nce hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olan mikrobun tipinin belirlenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Faranjit\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Faranjit<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Farenjit (bo\u011faz iltihab\u0131);burun ve a\u011f\u0131z bo\u015flu\u011funun arka duvar\u0131nda olu\u015fan iltihaplanmad\u0131r. Akut ve kronik olmak \u00fczere iki t\u00fcr farenjit g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve ikisi birbirinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Ani geli\u015fen, \u015fiddetli iltihaplanmalar akut farenjittir. Daha hafif seyreden fakat buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k da daha uzun s\u00fcren farenjit t\u00fcr\u00fc ise kronik (m\u00fczmin) farenjittir.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3137\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre5.jpg 750w, https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre5-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Farenjit Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Yutma s\u0131ras\u0131nda kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131 g\u0131dalar yutaktan yemek borusuna ve oradan da mideye ge\u00e7erler.<\/p>\n<p>Farenjit yutak dokular\u0131n\u0131n iltihab\u0131 olup;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ate\u015f,<\/li>\n<li>Bo\u011faz a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>K\u0131zar\u0131kl\u0131k<\/li>\n<li>Yutma g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile karakterizedir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bademcik iltihaplar\u0131 da farenjitler aras\u0131nda say\u0131labilir. Tarif edilen akut farenjit d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kronik farenjit olarak tan\u0131mlanan bir hastal\u0131k tablosu da vard\u0131r,<\/p>\n<h4>Kronik farenjitte ;<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Ate\u015f ya da k\u0131rg\u0131nl\u0131k yoktur,<\/li>\n<li>Yutkunma g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc,<\/li>\n<li>G\u0131c\u0131k \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fc\u011f\u00fc,<\/li>\n<li>Yanma, gerilme,<\/li>\n<li>Yabanc\u0131 cisim tak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gibi bir his ve bo\u011faz\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k temizleme iste\u011fi vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Enfeksiyon yine bir etkendir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hava kirlili\u011fi,<\/li>\n<li>Sigara i\u00e7ilmesi ,<\/li>\n<li>Alkol, ,<\/li>\n<li>Ac\u0131l\u0131 baharatl\u0131 g\u0131dalar,<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7ok s\u0131cak-so\u011fuk i\u00e7ecekler-yiyecekler gibi bo\u011faz\u0131 tahri\u015f eden bir etken,<\/li>\n<li>Burun t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle s\u00fcrekli a\u011f\u0131zdan nefes almak, kronik farenjitte daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rol oynar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Akut farenjit s\u0131k s\u0131k tekrarlan\u0131yorsa kronik farenjite d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Farenjitteki Risk Fakt\u00f6rleri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Bir\u00e7ok mikroorganizma farenjite neden olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Eri\u015fkin ya\u015f grubu farenjitlerinin %90 \u2018\u0131 \u00e7ocuk ya\u015f grubu farenjitlerinin % 60-75\u2019i viral etkenlerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. So\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yol a\u00e7an vir\u00fcsler \u00fcst solunum yollar\u0131n\u0131 etkiledi\u011fi i\u00e7in farenjite de yol a\u00e7abilirler.\u00a0 T\u00fcm tonsillofarenjitlerin\u00a0 %25\u2019inden ise bakteriler sorumludur.<\/p>\n<p>Viral \u00fcst solunum yollar\u0131 enfeksiyonlar\u0131ndaki risk fakt\u00f6rleri burada da s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bunlar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kalabal\u0131k ortamlar ( kre\u015f, s\u0131n\u0131f )<\/li>\n<li>Sigara,<\/li>\n<li>Beslenme yetersizli\u011fi,<\/li>\n<li>Kronik hastal\u0131klar,<\/li>\n<li>Yetersiz uyku ,<\/li>\n<li>Stres gibi fakt\u00f6rlerdir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Farenjit Nas\u0131l Tedavi Edilir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Vir\u00fcslerden kaynaklanan akut\u00a0 farenjitlerde antibiyotikler kullan\u0131lmaz. Ancak ciddi enfeksiyonlarda ya da ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin \u00e7ok zay\u0131f oldu\u011fu durumlarda antibiyotik \u00f6nerilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Antibiyotiklerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, a\u011fr\u0131 kesici-ate\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ila\u00e7lar, alerji d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen hastalarda antihistaminikler, burun a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 spreyler, \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck kesiciler ve tuzlu karbonatl\u0131 su ile a\u011f\u0131z gargaralar\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>Kronik farenjitin ise tedavisi olduk\u00e7a zordur. Hem doktorun tedavi uygulamas\u0131 hem de hastan\u0131n baz\u0131 durumlara dikkat etmesi gerekmektedir. Ancak yine de kronik farenjit \u00e7o\u011fu zaman tam olarak ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lamaz. Tedaviyi belirlemek i\u00e7in kronik farenjiti ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan ba\u015fka bir fakt\u00f6r olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer bulunursa \u00f6nce onun tedavisi gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>Antibiyotikler genellikle faydas\u0131zd\u0131r.\u00a0 Alerji, burun kemi\u011finde e\u011frilik veya burun i\u00e7indeki konkalar\u0131n hipertrofisi, sin\u00fczit,\u00a0 refl\u00fc gibi hastal\u0131klar uygun \u015fekilde gerekirse ameliyatla d\u00fczeltilmelidir.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Larenjit\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Larenjit<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Larenjit, ses tellerinin iltihaplanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Sorun, genelde viral k\u00f6kenlidir ve dinlenme, bol s\u0131v\u0131 al\u0131m\u0131 gibi rutin \u00f6nlemlerle giderilir.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3141\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre6.jpg 700w, https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre6-300x178.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>Larenjite neden olan fakt\u00f6rler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Bakteriler, vir\u00fcsler, mantarlar,<\/li>\n<li>Antihistaminikler<\/li>\n<li>Bo\u011faz refl\u00fcs\u00fc<\/li>\n<li>Sesin k\u00f6t\u00fc kullan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Alerji<\/li>\n<li>Sigara duman\u0131<\/li>\n<li>T\u00fcberk\u00fcloz<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Bo\u011faz a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren ses k\u0131s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Bo\u011faz a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck ve ate\u015f,<\/li>\n<li>Di\u011fer so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da grip belirtilerinin ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen ses k\u0131s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 devam etmesi larenjit belirtisidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Tan\u0131s\u0131 Nas\u0131l Konur?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Te\u015fhis i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle hastal\u0131\u011fa vir\u00fcslerin mi yoksa bakterilerin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 laboratuvar testleriyle tespit edilir ve buna uygun tedavi sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Nas\u0131l Tedavi Edilir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Bakterilerin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 larenjit i\u00e7in ila\u00e7 tedavisi gereklidir. Ancak vir\u00fcslerin neden oldu\u011fu larenjit, \u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7ecekler ile d\u00fczelebilir. \u0130lerleyen durumlarda doktorunuz antibiyotik verebilir. 2 ya da 3 haftadan fazla s\u00fcren ses k\u0131s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 larenjit olarak alg\u0131lay\u0131p \u00f6nemsememek, e\u011fer ses probleminin alt\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir neden yat\u0131yorsa tehlikeli olabilir. Ses telleri bu d\u00f6nemde daha narin durumda olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in yo\u011fun ses kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131 ve solunum yollar\u0131n\u0131 tahri\u015f edici ortamlardan uzak durulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ses tellerinin zorlanmas\u0131 polip ve kist olu\u015fumuna yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Yutma_Bozukluklar\u0131\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Yutma Bozukluklar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Yutma; a\u011f\u0131zdaki, bo\u011fazdaki ve midedeki sinir ve kaslar\u0131n koordinasyon i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla s\u0131v\u0131 ve kat\u0131 g\u0131dalar\u0131n yemek borusuna ge\u00e7mesinden olu\u015fan karma\u015f\u0131k bir fonksiyondur.<\/p>\n<p>Yutma bozukluklar\u0131, kat\u0131 veya s\u0131v\u0131 g\u0131dalar\u0131n bo\u011fazda birikmesi, daha sonra ses tellerinin oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeye d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi ve bunun sonucunda ses k\u0131s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bo\u011faz temizleme hissi veya \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Yutma Bozukluklar\u0131n\u0131n Sebepleri Nedir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Yutma g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen nedenleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ya\u015f\u0131n ilerlemesiyle birlikte, yutma kaslar\u0131; hem g\u00fc\u00e7lerini hem de koordinasyon yeteneklerini kaybeder. Bu nedenle, bazen normal salg\u0131 bile mideye ge\u00e7emeyebilir.<\/li>\n<li>Uyku s\u0131ras\u0131nda yutkunma daha az olur ve salg\u0131 a\u011f\u0131zda birikir. Uyan\u0131rken \u00f6ks\u00fcrme veya bo\u011faz temizleme hissi duyulabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Sinirlilik ve stres, bo\u011faz kaslar\u0131nda kas\u0131lmaya ve bunun sonucunda bo\u011fazda bir \u015fey varm\u0131\u015f hissine neden olabilmekte ve yutkunmay\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirmektedir.<\/li>\n<li>Septum deviasyonu (burun e\u011frili\u011fi), sin\u00fcslerin normal olarak bo\u015falmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller ve kronik sin\u00fczite neden olur. Septumdaki bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131, tahri\u015fe ve anormal salg\u0131ya sebep olacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Besinlerin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yol \u00fczerindeki b\u00fcy\u00fcmeler veya \u015fi\u015flikler kat\u0131 ve \/ veya s\u0131v\u0131 g\u0131dalar\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015fini yava\u015flat\u0131r veya engeller.<\/li>\n<li>Geni\u015flemi\u015f veya \u015fekli bozulmu\u015f konkalar (burnun yan duvarlar\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan ve hava ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ayarlayan, nemlendiren yap\u0131lar) veya polipler (enfeksiyon, alerji veya tahri\u015f sonucunda olu\u015fan selim b\u00fcy\u00fcmeler) de ayn\u0131 \u015fikayetlere yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/li>\n<li>Refl\u00fc de yutma bozukluklar\u0131na neden olabilmektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Yutma Bozukluklar\u0131n\u0131n Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Yutma bozukluklar\u0131nda belli ba\u015fl\u0131 belirtiler;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bo\u011fazda yanma ve a\u011fr\u0131 hissi<\/li>\n<li>Haz\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu belirtiler; \u00f6zellikle yemek yedikten hemen sonra yat\u0131nca daha da artmaktad\u0131r. Yemek borusu ile midenin birle\u015fim yerinde meydana gelen torba \u015feklindeki f\u0131t\u0131klar da yutma problemlerine neden olabilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Yutma Problemlerinin Tan\u0131s\u0131 Nas\u0131l Konur?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Yutma problemlerinin tan\u0131s\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir KBB muayenesini, baz\u0131 laboratuvar testlerini, endoskopik muayeneyi ve r\u00f6ntgeni i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Yutma Bozukluklar\u0131 Nas\u0131l Tedavi Edilir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Yutma problemleri sorunun kayna\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re tedavi edilir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bakteriyel enfeksiyonlar, antibiyotikler ile tedavi edilir ancak bunlar ge\u00e7ici bir iyile\u015fme sa\u011flar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kronik sin\u00fczitte, kapal\u0131 sin\u00fcslerin a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak cerrahi bir m\u00fcdahaleye ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Yutma g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne alerji neden olduysa, sorunun ge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in alerji tedavi edilmelidir. Antihistaminikler ve dekonjestanlar, kromolin ve steroid burun spreyleri, di\u011fer \u015fekillerdeki steroidler ve hiposensitizasyon (a\u015f\u0131 tedavisi) alerji tedavisi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Ancak baz\u0131 antihistaminikler kurumaya neden olup salg\u0131y\u0131 daha da kal\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Dekonjestanlar, kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na, kalp ve tiroid rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddetlenmesine neden olur. Steroid spreyler t\u0131bbi kontrol alt\u0131nda genellikle y\u0131llarca g\u00fcvenle kullan\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Refl\u00fc tedavisine; yata\u011f\u0131n ba\u015f taraf\u0131n\u0131 12-15 cm kald\u0131rmak, az ve s\u0131k yemek yemek, alkol ve kafeinin yasaklanmas\u0131, yorucu olmamak \u015fart\u0131yla spor yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi ya\u015fam\u0131 d\u00fczenleyici \u00f6nerilerle ba\u015flan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>E\u011fer yutma problemine belli bir hastal\u0131k neden olmad\u0131ysa, tedavi; kolay akabilmesi i\u00e7in salg\u0131n\u0131n inceltilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde olur. Bu tedaviyi alanlar, g\u00fcnde en az sekiz bardak su i\u00e7meli, kafeini b\u0131rakmal\u0131 ve e\u011fer gerekli de\u011filse idrar s\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc kullanmamal\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/li>\n<li>Burnun, burun i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zel cihazlarla g\u00fcnde iki ila alt\u0131 defa, s\u0131cak suyun i\u00e7ine yemek sodas\u0131 veya tuz ilave edilerek haz\u0131rlanan s\u0131v\u0131 ile y\u0131kanmas\u0131, kal\u0131n ve azalm\u0131\u015f salg\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/li>\n<li>Re\u00e7ete gerektirmeyen, basit tuz \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler burnu nemlendirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n<li>S\u0131k s\u0131k bo\u011faz temizlemek, bo\u011fazda tahri\u015fi daha da artt\u0131rarak, durumun k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmesine neden olur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"A\u011f\u0131z_Kokusu\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>A\u011f\u0131z Kokusu<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Solunum sistemine gelen havan\u0131n bakterilerle birle\u015fip d\u0131\u015far\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ile bireyin kendisini ve \u00e7evresini rahats\u0131z etmesi durumuna a\u011f\u0131z kokusu denir.<\/p>\n<p>A\u011f\u0131z kokusunu bireyin hem kendi sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hem de toplum ile olan ili\u015fkisini etkileyen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir problem olarak kabul etmeliyiz. A\u011f\u0131z kokusu her ne kadar bir hastal\u0131k olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sosyal nedenler bireylerin hayat kalitesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmektedir. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca sistemik ve lokal nedenlerden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3145\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"698\" height=\"465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre7.jpg 698w, https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre7-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 698px) 100vw, 698px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>A\u011f\u0131z Kokusunun B\u00f6lgesel (Lokal) Nedenleri<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kanamal\u0131 di\u015feti hastal\u0131klar\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck di\u015fler, hatal\u0131 yap\u0131lan dolgu ve kaplamalar, dil \u00fczerinde biriken bakteriler, faranjit ve tonsilitlerdir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>A\u011f\u0131z Kokusunun Sistemik Nedenleri<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>A\u011f\u0131z kokusunun; sistemik nedenleri ise mide ba\u011f\u0131rsak hastal\u0131klar\u0131, karaci\u011fer hastal\u0131klar\u0131, diyabet, b\u00f6brek hastal\u0131klar\u0131, kullan\u0131lan kanser ila\u00e7lar\u0131, kserestomi, t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fck bezi hastal\u0131klar\u0131, akci\u011fer hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve bunun gibi sistemik hastal\u0131klard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>A\u011f\u0131z kokusuna sahip hastalar\u0131n y\u00fczde doksan\u0131 sabah kalkt\u0131klar\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131nda k\u00f6t\u00fc bir tat ve k\u00f6t\u00fc koku hissetmektedirler ayn\u0131 zamanda bu hastalarda g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde de a\u011f\u0131z kokular\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bunun fark\u0131nda olan hastalar bu nedenle \u00e7esitli a\u011f\u0131z gargaralar\u0131 ile spreyler kullanmaktad\u0131r. Fakat bunlar kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi hastan\u0131n \u015fikayetlerini de ge\u00e7irmezler.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>A\u011f\u0131z Kokusunun Olas\u0131 Nedenleri<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>T\u00fct\u00fcn:<\/strong> T\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcnleri a\u011f\u0131z kokusuna neden olurlar. Ek olarak, di\u015f eti hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da art\u0131r\u0131r ve bu da k\u00f6t\u00fc nefese neden olabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>G\u0131da:<\/strong> Di\u015flere yap\u0131\u015fan g\u0131da partik\u00fcllerinin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 kokulara neden olabilir. So\u011fan ve sar\u0131msak gibi baz\u0131 yiyecekler de k\u00f6t\u00fc nefese neden olabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A\u011f\u0131z kurulu\u011fu:<\/strong> T\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fck, a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131 do\u011fal olarak temizler. A\u011f\u0131z kurulu\u011fu (Kserostomi) gibi spesifik bir hastal\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak koku olu\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Di\u015f hijyeni:<\/strong> F\u0131r\u00e7alama ve di\u015f ipi kullanmak, birikebilen ve yava\u015f yava\u015f par\u00e7alanabilen, koku \u00fcretebilen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u0131da maddelerinin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. F\u0131r\u00e7alama d\u00fczenli de\u011filse, plak ad\u0131 verilen bir bakteri tabakas\u0131 olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Crash diyetleri:<\/strong> Oru\u00e7 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonhidratl\u0131 beslenme programlar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131z kokusu olu\u015fturabilir. Bunun nedeni, keton ad\u0131 verilen kimyasallar\u0131n \u00fcretildi\u011fi ya\u011flar\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ketonlar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir aromaya sahiptir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130la\u00e7lar:<\/strong> Baz\u0131 ila\u00e7lar t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fc\u011f\u00fc azaltabilir ve bu nedenle a\u011f\u0131z kokusunu artt\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A\u011f\u0131z, burun ve bo\u011faz ko\u015fullar\u0131:<\/strong> Bazen, bo\u011faz\u0131n arka taraf\u0131ndaki bademcikler \u00fczerinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, bakteri kapl\u0131 ta\u015flar olu\u015fabilir ve koku \u00fcretir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yabanc\u0131 cisim:<\/strong> \u00d6zellikle \u00e7ocuklarda burun bo\u015flu\u011funa yerle\u015fmi\u015f yabanc\u0131 cisim varsa k\u00f6t\u00fc nefes al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hastal\u0131klar:<\/strong> Baz\u0131 kanserler, karaci\u011fer yetmezli\u011fi ve di\u011fer metabolik hastal\u0131klar, \u00fcrettikleri kimyasallar\u0131n spesifik kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 nedeniyle a\u011f\u0131z kokusuna neden olabilirler. Gastro\u00f6zofageal refl\u00fc hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (GERD) mide asitleri s\u00fcrekli refl\u00fc nedeniyle k\u00f6t\u00fc nefese neden olabilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>A\u011f\u0131z Kokusunun Tesbiti<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>A\u011f\u0131z kokusunun tesbitinde kullan\u0131lan, elektorokimyasal \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yapan cihazlar bu kokunun \u015fiddetini ve etkenini belirleyebilmektedir.\u00a0 Ayr\u0131ca kan gazlar\u0131na, t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fck ph dizbozitesine, dil s\u0131rt\u0131ndaki bakteri tespitine de bak\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>A\u011f\u0131z kokusu \u015fikayetiyle hastaneye ba\u015fvuran hastan\u0131n di\u015f hekimli\u011fi klini\u011finde elektro kimyasal olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri yap\u0131larak a\u011f\u0131z kokusu tespit edildikten sonra sistemik nedenlerden kaynaklan\u0131yorsa ilgili bran\u015flardaki kulak burun bo\u011faz, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs hastal\u0131klar\u0131, biyokimya ve dahiliye kliniklerinde, lokal nedenlerden kaynaklan\u0131yorsa di\u015f klini\u011fininde etken tedavi edilerek a\u011f\u0131z kokusu ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>A\u011f\u0131z Kokusu Tedavi Yollar\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A%C4%9F%C4%B1z_kokusu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A\u011f\u0131z kokusu<\/a> her hangi bir hastal\u0131ktan kaynaklan\u0131yorsa mutlaka kayna\u011f\u0131n tedavi edilmesi gerekir. Genel olarak ya\u015fanan a\u011f\u0131z kokusu sorunlar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131z ve di\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat edilmesi ile tedavi edilebilir. Oral hijyenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 bakterilerin azalmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. D\u00fczenli di\u015f f\u0131r\u00e7alamak, di\u015f ipi kullanmak, dilin temizli\u011fine dikkat etmek a\u011f\u0131z kokusunu tedavi etmede gerekli ad\u0131mlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>A\u011f\u0131z kokusu sorunu ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131z kokusu nedenlerini anlamak i\u00e7in uzmana ba\u015fvurmalar\u0131 en do\u011frusudur. A\u011f\u0131z kokusu tedavisi i\u00e7in nedenlerin tam olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Basit hijyen sorunlar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan a\u011f\u0131z kokusu i\u00e7in gargara kullanmak gibi tedaviler faydal\u0131 olabilir. A\u011f\u0131z kokusu tedavisinde ama\u00e7 a\u011f\u0131zdaki k\u00f6t\u00fc bakterileri azaltmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"A\u011f\u0131z_\u0130\u00e7i_Lezyonlar\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>A\u011f\u0131z \u0130\u00e7i Lezyonlar<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>A\u011f\u0131z \u0130\u00e7i Kanserleri (\u0130ntraoral Kanserler)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Bu tip kanserler, (\u0130ntraoral kanserler) genellikle orta ya\u015f grubunda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Erkeklerde kad\u0131nlara oranla 2 kat fazla rastlan\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda sigara ve alkol t\u00fcketiminin kad\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda da g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr bir art\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. Bu nedenle, \u00f6zellikle dil kanserlerinin kad\u0131nlarda g\u00f6r\u00fclme oran\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlenmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>A\u011f\u0131z i\u00e7i kanserleri a\u011f\u0131z bo\u015flu\u011funu olu\u015fturan b\u00f6lgelerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu b\u00f6lgeler, dil, a\u011f\u0131z taban\u0131, sert damak, yumu\u015fak dama\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n k\u0131sm\u0131, \u00e7ene, yanak ve di\u015fetleridir. A\u011f\u0131z i\u00e7i kanserleri orijinal olarak a\u011f\u0131z bo\u015flu\u011funu d\u00f6\u015feyen \u00f6rt\u00fcden (mukoza) kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 almakla birlikte, a\u011f\u0131z bo\u015flu\u011funda say\u0131s\u0131 600 ile 1000 aras\u0131nda olan min\u00f6r t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fck bezlerinden de geli\u015febilir.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-3149\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre8.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"687\" height=\"687\" srcset=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre8.jpg 829w, https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre8-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre8-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre8-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>A\u011f\u0131z \u0130\u00e7i Kanserlerinin Nedenleri<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>A\u011f\u0131z i\u00e7i kanserlerinin kesin nedeni tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bununla beraber, t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, alkol ve baz\u0131 besinlerdeki karsinojen katk\u0131 maddeleri, k\u00f6t\u00fc di\u015f veya protezlere ba\u011fl\u0131 kronik travmalar a\u011f\u0131z i\u00e7i kanserleri riskini artt\u0131rabilir. Genetik yatk\u0131nl\u0131k da a\u011f\u0131z i\u00e7i kanserleri i\u00e7in risk fakt\u00f6rleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>A\u011f\u0131z i\u00e7inde, \u00f6zellikle dil \u00fczerinde s\u00fcrekli beyaz lekeler (l\u00f6koplaki) veya k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 lekeler (eritroplaki) ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kanser \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc yaralar olarak dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131 ve bu lezyonlar mutlaka bir kulak burun bo\u011faz uzman\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Bir\u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131z i\u00e7i yara \u00f6ncelikle di\u015f hekimi taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu nedenle di\u015f hekimleri hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n erken d\u00f6nemde te\u015fhis edilmesinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynarlar.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>A\u011f\u0131z \u0130\u00e7i Kanserlerinin Belirtiler<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>A\u011f\u0131z i\u00e7inde kolayl\u0131kla kanayan ve iyile\u015fmeyen bir yara<\/li>\n<li>A\u011f\u0131z\u0131n i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgesinde veya etraf\u0131nda beyaz veya k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli alanlar<\/li>\n<li>A\u011f\u0131z i\u00e7inde hassas, tahri\u015f olmu\u015f, kabar\u0131k veya kal\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f alanlar\u0131n olmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>A\u011fz\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n herhangi bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde his kayb\u0131 veya uyu\u015fukluk<\/li>\n<li>Alt veya \u00fcst \u00e7enede meydana gelen \u015fi\u015flikler ve bunun sonucu mevcut protez uyumunun bozulmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7i\u011fneme veya yutma g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/li>\n<li>A\u011f\u0131zda ac\u0131 veya zor tan\u0131mlanan a\u011fr\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Bilinen bir neden olmaks\u0131z\u0131n bo\u011fazda tak\u0131lma hissi<\/li>\n<li>Ses de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi veya bo\u011fazda yutulamayan cisim hissi<\/li>\n<li>Dil ve \u00e7ene hareketlerinde zorlanma<\/li>\n<li>Boyunda \u015fi\u015flik (kitle)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A\u011f\u0131z i\u00e7i kanserleri ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 d\u00f6neminde a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131zd\u0131r. Kanser ilerleyerek sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 a\u011f\u0131z dokular\u0131nda hasar olu\u015funca a\u011fr\u0131 \u015fikayeti de ba\u015flar. Hastalar\u0131n mevcut a\u011f\u0131z kanserini fark etmesi g\u00fc\u00e7 olabilir. Tedavi gecikti\u011finde hastal\u0131k boyundaki lenf bezlerine, \u00e7evre kom\u015fu dokulara, akci\u011fer ve kemik gibi uzak organlara yay\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Tan\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Bir ay i\u00e7erisinde ge\u00e7meyen a\u011f\u0131z i\u00e7indeki herhangi bir \u015fi\u015flik veya doku de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi kulak burun bo\u011faz uzman hekimi taraf\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirmelidir. Tam bir kulak burun bo\u011faz muayenesini takiben hastaya kesin tan\u0131 konulabilmesi i\u00e7in t\u00fcm\u00f6rden biyopsi al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcm\u00f6r boyutlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer yap\u0131lara yay\u0131lmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda fikir sahibi olmak i\u00e7in; boyun ultrasonu, bilgisayarl\u0131 tomografi (BT), manyetik rezonans g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme (MRG), pozitron emisyon tomografisi (PET) gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme y\u00f6ntemlerinden yararlan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>A\u011f\u0131z \u0130\u00e7i Kanserlerinde Tedavi<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Tan\u0131 konduktan sonra, kulak burun bo\u011faz uzman\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcn boyutu ve evresi, hastan\u0131n genel durumu ve t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcn yak\u0131n veya uzak yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 (metastaz) olup olmamas\u0131na g\u00f6re hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tedavisi planlan\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcm\u00f6rlerin tedavisinde bilinen en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 y\u00f6ntem cerrahidir. T\u00fcm\u00f6r ve yay\u0131lma potansiyeli olan \u00e7evresindeki b\u00f6lgeler v\u00fccuttan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n evresi, hastan\u0131n genel durumu ve patolojik inceleme sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re radyasyon ve kemoterapi de tedaviye eklenebilir. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 tedavi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in erken tan\u0131 son derece \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Herpetik (U\u00e7uk) Lezyonlar Nedir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>U\u00e7uk olarak da bilinen herpetik lezyonlar; dudak ve a\u011f\u0131z etraf\u0131nda herpes simplex vir\u00fcs\u00fc y\u00fcz\u00fcnden olu\u015fan yaralard\u0131r. Bu vir\u00fcs v\u00fccuda \u00e7o\u011funlukla cilt ya da a\u011f\u0131z i\u00e7erisindeki bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131ktan girer. A\u00e7\u0131k u\u00e7uk yaraya dokunuldu\u011funda ya da yaradan s\u0131zan s\u0131v\u0131yla temas edildi\u011finde, mikropla temas etmi\u015f bir yiyecek ya da b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, \u00f6p\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde ya da birinin t\u00fckr\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dokundu\u011funuzda bula\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>U\u00e7u\u011fun Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>U\u00e7u\u011fun belirtileri aras\u0131nda; kar\u0131ncalanma, ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131 ve a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n duda\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n etraf\u0131nda hissedilen a\u011fr\u0131, ate\u015f, bo\u011faz a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, boynunuzda ya da v\u00fccudunuzdaki bezlerdeki \u015fi\u015flikler say\u0131labilir. U\u00e7uklar g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra genellikle yara a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve i\u00e7erisinden berrak bir s\u0131v\u0131 s\u0131zar, sonras\u0131nda \u00fcst\u00fc kabuk tutar. Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn ile iki hafta aras\u0131nda iyile\u015fir. Baz\u0131 insanlar i\u00e7in u\u00e7uk \u00e7ok ac\u0131l\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>U\u00e7uk Nas\u0131l Tedavi Edilir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>U\u00e7uklar genellikle birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde kendi kendine iyile\u015ferek kaybolur. E\u011fer a\u011fr\u0131ya neden oluyorsa ya da k\u00f6t\u00fc hissetmenize yol a\u00e7\u0131yorsa tedavi edilebilir. Tedaviler aras\u0131nda cilt kremleri, merhemler ve baz\u0131 haplar say\u0131labilir. Bu i\u015flemlerle sadece bir-iki g\u00fcn daha erken u\u00e7uktan kurtulabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>U\u00e7uklardan kurtulman\u0131n en etkili yollar\u0131ndan biri de lazer tedavisidir. E\u011fer lazer tedavisini zaman\u0131nda yapt\u0131rabilirseniz, u\u00e7u\u011fun \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na mani olabilirsiniz. E\u011fer u\u00e7uk \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce bu b\u00f6lgede kar\u0131ncalanma hissediyorsan\u0131z, hemen lazer tedavisi i\u00e7in bir randevu al\u0131n. E\u011fer u\u00e7uk \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015fsa lazer tedavisi rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 azaltacak, u\u00e7u\u011fu kurutup daha h\u0131zl\u0131 iyile\u015fmesini sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>U\u00e7u\u011fa yol a\u00e7an herpes vir\u00fcs\u00fc yok edilemez. Hayat\u0131n\u0131zda bir kez enfekte olduktan sonra vir\u00fcs \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcz boyunca v\u00fccutta kal\u0131r. E\u011fer \u00e7ok s\u0131k u\u00e7uk \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yorsan\u0131z, tedavi bu u\u00e7uk say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve \u015fiddetini azaltabilir. Genellikle u\u00e7uk hep ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede \u00e7\u0131kar. Lazerle birka\u00e7 kez tedavi edildikten sonra ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede u\u00e7uk g\u00f6r\u00fclme ihtimali \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>U\u00e7uk Tedavisinde Lazer Kullanman\u0131n Faydalar\u0131 Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Y\u00fcksek teknolojidir, maliyeti \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek de\u011fildir<\/li>\n<li>Rahatlama hemen olur ve kal\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>E\u011fer dudak kar\u0131ncalanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda uygulan\u0131rsa u\u00e7u\u011fun \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller.<\/li>\n<li>Tedavi sonras\u0131 u\u00e7u\u011fun b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi durur.<\/li>\n<li>Herhangi bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131k olmaks\u0131z\u0131n iyile\u015fmeyi h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Tedavi anestezi gerektirmeden birka\u00e7 dakikada tamamlan\u0131r<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Aft<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><img class=\"wp-image-3153 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre9.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"462\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre9.jpg 706w, https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre9-300x158.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 462px) 100vw, 462px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Yemek yemekten, konu\u015fmaya hatta genel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa kadar olumsuz etkileri olan a\u011f\u0131z i\u00e7i lezyonlar\u0131 (a\u011f\u0131z \u00fclseri) ya da yaralar\u0131 i\u00e7inde en \u00e7ok rastlanan\u0131 aftlard\u0131r (rek\u00fcrrent aft\u00f6z stomatit \u2013 RAS).<\/p>\n<p>A\u011fr\u0131l\u0131, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck (genellikle 1 cm\u2019den k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck), beyaz yaralard\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlarda daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ya\u015fland\u0131k\u00e7a olu\u015fma s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azal\u0131r. Bazen bir aft iyile\u015firken bir di\u011feri \u00e7\u0131kar. Ayn\u0131 anda birden \u00e7ok aft olu\u015fabilir. Bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fillerdir, genellikle u\u00e7ukla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar. Ancak u\u00e7uk vir\u00fcs kaynakl\u0131 iken, aft olu\u015fumunda vir\u00fcslerin etkisi yoktur.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Aftlar V\u00fccudun Hangi B\u00f6lgelerinde Olu\u015fur?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Yanak ve dudak mukozas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Di\u015f eti,<\/li>\n<li>Dilin \u00fcst\u00fc,<\/li>\n<li>Farenks,<\/li>\n<li>Yumu\u015fak damak.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Aftlar\u0131n Olu\u015fma Nedenleri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Kal\u0131tsal ge\u00e7i\u015f<\/li>\n<li>Stres ve ankisiyete<\/li>\n<li>K\u00f6t\u00fc a\u011f\u0131z hijyeni<\/li>\n<li>Sert di\u015f f\u0131r\u00e7alar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Yanak, dudak i\u00e7i ve dilin \u0131s\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, oral travmalar<\/li>\n<li>Zay\u0131f ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi<\/li>\n<li>A\u011f\u0131za tam oturmam\u0131\u015f protezler<\/li>\n<li>Tuzlu, baharatl\u0131, asit i\u00e7eri\u011fi y\u00fcksek besinler<\/li>\n<li>ACE inhibit\u00f6rleri, beta blok\u00f6rler, antiromatizmal ila\u00e7lar gibi baz\u0131 ila\u00e7lar<\/li>\n<li>T\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcnleri<\/li>\n<li>Sodyum lauril s\u00fclfat i\u00e7eren di\u015f macunlar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Besinleri \u00e7ok s\u0131cak ya da \u00e7ok so\u011fuk t\u00fcketmek<\/li>\n<li>Hormonal de\u011fi\u015fiklikler<\/li>\n<li>B vitamini, folik asit veya demir eksikli\u011fi<\/li>\n<li>Baz\u0131 malign hastal\u0131klar<\/li>\n<li>Beh\u00e7et hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, AIDS<\/li>\n<li>Domates, \u00e7ilek gibi baz\u0131 yiyeceklere kar\u015f\u0131 alerji<\/li>\n<li>Enflamatuvar barsak hastal\u0131klar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yorgunluk<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Aft Nas\u0131l Tedavi Edilmektedir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Aft tedavisinde altta yatan as\u0131l neden ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca semptomlar azalt\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Genellikle 1-2 hafta i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7erler. E\u011fer 2 haftadan fazla s\u00fcrerse mutlaka doktora ba\u015fvurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131z hijyeninin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, tahri\u015f edici (asidik, \u00e7ok s\u0131cak gibi) g\u0131dalardan uzak durmak, yumu\u015fak u\u00e7lu di\u015f f\u0131r\u00e7as\u0131 kullanmak gibi baz\u0131 noktalara dikkat etmek aft olu\u015fumunu engellemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Antiseptik a\u011f\u0131z gargaras\u0131 kullanmak ya da tuzlu suyla gargara yapmak, B vitamini, folik asit, demir takviyesi, mentol i\u00e7eren di\u015f macunu, \u015feker vb. \u2018den uzak durmak, yemek \u00f6ncesi a\u011f\u0131z i\u00e7in olan lokal anestezik uygulamak ve kortikosteroidler semptomlar\u0131 azaltmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. A\u011fr\u0131 i\u00e7in hafif a\u011fr\u0131 kesiciler kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"G\u0131rtlak_Kanseri\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>G\u0131rtlak Kanseri<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>G\u0131rtlak Kanseri Nedir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Yutak ile nefes borusu aras\u0131nda yerle\u015fmi\u015f k\u00f6t\u00fc huylu t\u00fcm\u00f6rler \u201cg\u0131rtlak kanseri \u201c olarak isimlendirilmektedir. G\u0131rtlak; konu\u015fma, yutma, hava yolu korumas\u0131 ve solunum gibi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revleri olan bir organd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"wp-image-3157 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre10.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"460\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre10.jpeg 540w, https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Goitre10-300x142.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>G\u0131rtlak Kanserinin Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>G\u0131rtlak; Anatomik olarak ses tellerinin \u00fcst\u00fcndeki b\u00f6lge, ses telleri b\u00f6lgesi ve alt\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lge olarak \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Ses tellerinden kaynaklanan g\u0131rtlak kanserleri ilk olarak ses k\u0131s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve seste de\u011fi\u015fiklik ile belirti verir.<\/p>\n<p>Ses telleri \u00fcst\u00fc b\u00f6lgesi g\u0131rtlak kanserleri ise ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta yutma s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u011fr\u0131, yutma g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bo\u011fazda tak\u0131lma hissi, \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fckle kanama, ileri d\u00f6nemlerde nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bo\u011fuk ses gibi \u015fikayetlere yol a\u00e7ar. Ses tellerinden kaynaklanan g\u0131rtlak kanserlerinde de ileri d\u00f6nemlerde nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 soluk almada g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.\u00a0 Alt b\u00f6lgedeki kanserler ise ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fikayetine yol a\u00e7arlar.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Tan\u0131s\u0131 Nas\u0131l Konur?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>En \u00f6nemli tan\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi fizik muayene ile g\u0131rtla\u011f\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesidir. Bu muayene s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcphe duyulan bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm olursa o alandan yap\u0131lacak biyopsi ve histopatoljik inceleme ile tan\u0131 kesinle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Evreleri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>G\u0131rtlak kanserleri; hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u0131rtlak i\u00e7inde yay\u0131lmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca boyundaki lenf bezlerine ve ba\u015fka organlara yay\u0131lmas\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilerek 0\u2019dan 4\u2019e kadar evrelenir. En erken evre 0, en ileri uzak metastaz yapm\u0131\u015f hastal\u0131k 4C olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tedavisi Var M\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>G\u0131rtlak kanserlerinin tedavisinde cerrahi tedavi ve radyoterapi ( \u0131\u015f\u0131n tedavisi) y\u00f6ntemleri kullan\u0131labilir, tedavide ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmam\u0131z\u0131 etkileyen en \u00f6nemli ve kritik konu erken te\u015fhistir. Hastal\u0131k ne kadar erken te\u015fhis edilirse; g\u0131rtla\u011f\u0131n da konu\u015fma, yutma gibi fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n korunarak tedavi edilmesi o kadar m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ameliyat Olan Ki\u015filer Nelere Dikkat Etmelidir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6zellikle erken evrede te\u015fhis edilip organ koruyucu bir cerrahi veya radyoterapi uygulanm\u0131\u015f olan hastalar\u0131n kesinlikle sigaray\u0131 b\u0131rakmalar\u0131, Tedavi edildikleri merkezlerdeki takip ve kontrol muayenelerine uymalar\u0131 Beslenmelerine ve v\u00fccut diren\u00e7lerine dikkat etmeleri gereklidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Guatr Adem elmas\u0131n\u0131n hemen alt\u0131nda, boynun k\u00f6k k\u0131sm\u0131nda yer alan, kelebek bi\u00e7imindeki olu\u015fumlar tiroit bezleridir. Bu tiroit bezlerinin \u015fi\u015ferek b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi sonucunda guatr ad\u0131 verilen hastal\u0131k ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. \u00d6ks\u00fcr\u00fc\u011fe ve yutkunma zorlu\u011funa sebep olan guatr, \u00e7o\u011funlukla a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Tiroit bezlerindeki bu \u015fi\u015fme e\u011fer k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck orandaysa ve olu\u015fan guatr ba\u015fka olumsuz bir duruma sebebiyet vermiyorsa genellikle [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":133,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"portfolio_category":[395],"portfolio_tag":[523,527,529,520,522,524,521,528,525,526,519,375],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.5 (Yoast SEO v18.4.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bo\u011faz Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 - Turkey Istanbul Medical<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bo\u011faz Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve Tedavileri - Tiroit bezleri, tiroksin (T-4) ve triiyodotironin (T-3) ad\u0131 verilen iki \u00f6nemli hormonu \u00fcretmekle g\u00f6revlidir. 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