{"id":309,"date":"2019-08-22T11:57:52","date_gmt":"2019-08-22T11:57:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/?post_type=portfolio&#038;p=309"},"modified":"2021-05-19T20:22:55","modified_gmt":"2021-05-19T20:22:55","slug":"rektal-hastaliklar","status":"publish","type":"portfolio","link":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/rektal-hastaliklar\/","title":{"rendered":"Rektal Hastal\u0131klar"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"Rektum_Kanseri\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Rektum Kanseri <\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Rektum Kanseri Nedir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n makata yak\u0131n olan ilk 12 cm olan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne rektum ad\u0131 verilir ve bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmden kaynaklanan k\u00f6t\u00fc huylu t\u00fcm\u00f6rlere rektum kanseri denir. 35 ya\u015ftan itibaren s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artmakla birlikte en s\u0131k 50 ya\u015ftan sonra rastlan\u0131r. Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda en s\u0131k rastlanan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kanser tipi ve \u00f6l\u00fcme yol a\u00e7an kanserler aras\u0131nda ikinci s\u0131radad\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funlukla kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsakta meydana gelen adenomat\u00f6z poliplerden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2736\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Rektum-Kanseri.jpg\" alt=\"Rektum Kanseri\" width=\"1499\" height=\"1386\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Rektum Kanseri \u0130\u00e7in Risk Fakt\u00f6rleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ya\u015f\u0131n 50\u2019nin \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Diyet, ya\u011fdan zengin, posadan fakir beslenme, \u00e7i\u011f meyve ve sebzelerin t\u00fcketilmemesi, fazla k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 et t\u00fcketimi, sigara,<\/li>\n<li>Ailesinde kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanseri veya kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak polipi bulunanlar,<\/li>\n<li>\u00dclseratif kolit ve Crohn hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi inflamatuar ba\u011f\u0131rsak hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Rektum kanserinin bulgular\u0131 nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>En s\u0131k belirti d\u0131\u015fk\u0131lama al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fikliktir. D\u00fczenli tuvalet al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan ki\u015fide ishal ya da kab\u0131zl\u0131k ataklar\u0131 geli\u015febilir. Fakat daha s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \u015fikayet tenesmus ad\u0131 verilen b\u00fcy\u00fck abdesti yapt\u0131ktan sonra rahatlayamama hissidir.<\/li>\n<li>Rektal kanama, en ihmal edilen \u015fik\u00e2yettir. Genelde bir utanma duygusu nedeniyle ya da bu kanaman\u0131n bir basurdan kaynakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle hastalar doktora ba\u015fvurmaz ve bu te\u015fhisin daha ileri evrelerde konulmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu iki belirti d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, barsak t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kans\u0131zl\u0131k ve ileri evrelerde b\u00fcy\u00fck abdest ya da idrar ka\u00e7\u0131rma \u015fik\u00e2yetleri de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u015fik\u00e2yetleri olan ki\u015filerde rektal tu\u015fe denilen parmakla rektumun muayenesi ve yap\u0131lacak bir kolonoskopi ile rektum t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fc tan\u0131s\u0131 kolayca konulabilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.memorial.com.tr\/saglik-rehberleri\/rektum-kanseri-belirtileri-ve-nedenleri-nelerdir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rektum Kanserleri<\/a>nin Tedavisi<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Rektumu kolondan ay\u0131ran ana \u00f6zellik, yerle\u015fiminin farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131 kolon kanserinden farkl\u0131 olarak rektum kanserinde farkl\u0131 tedavi se\u00e7enekleri uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Ameliyat se\u00e7iminde en \u00f6nemli kriter, t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcn rektumun hangi k\u0131sm\u0131nda (\u00fcst, orta, alt rektum) yerle\u015fik oldu\u011fudur. Di\u011fer \u00f6nemli bir se\u00e7im kriteri ise \u00f6zellikle alt rektum kanserlerinde t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcn evresidir. Bu nedenle uygun tedavinin planlanmas\u0131nda klinik evreleme son derece \u00f6nemlidir. Evrelemede, endoskopi ve biyopsiye ilave olarak; Bilgisayarl\u0131 Tomografi (BT), Endorektal Ultrasonografi (ERUS), Manyetik Rezonans (MR) ve Pozitron Emisyon Tomografisi (PET) kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Cerrahi Y\u00f6ntemler<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Anterior Rezeksiyon (Low Anterior Rezeksiyon);<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rektum kanseri cerrahisinde t\u00fcm\u00f6r yerle\u015fim yerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak en s\u0131k uygulanan y\u00f6ntemdir. T\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu ba\u011f\u0131rsak ve lenf nodlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131r, sonras\u0131nda yukar\u0131daki kolonun ucu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da b\u0131rak\u0131lan rektum veya anal kanala birle\u015ftirilerek barsak devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abdominoperineal Rezeksiyon (APR- Miles Y\u00f6ntemi);<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rektumun son k\u0131sm\u0131nda, makata yak\u0131n yerle\u015fimli ve sfinkterlere yay\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6stermi\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u00fcm\u00f6rlerde uygulanan cerrahi bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Bu y\u00f6ntemde rektum ve makat tamamen \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kolonun u\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131 kar\u0131n \u00f6n duvar\u0131na a\u011f\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r (kolostomi).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Transanal Endoskopik Mikrocerrahi (TEM) ile Lokal Eksizyon;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Erken evre rektum t\u00fcm\u00f6rlerinde makattan yerle\u015ftirilen \u00f6zel cerrahi aletler ile t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcn sa\u011flam s\u0131n\u0131rlar ile \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6ntemidir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Rektum Kanserlerinde Kemoterapi ve Radyoterapi<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kolondan farkl\u0131 olarak rektum duvar\u0131nda en d\u0131\u015f tabakas\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131, lenfatik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n daha fazla olmas\u0131 ve anatomik olarak dar pelvis i\u00e7inde yerle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle rektum kanserlerinin kolon kanserlerine g\u00f6re daha fazla ameliyat sonras\u0131 tekrarlama (lokaln\u00fcks) riski vard\u0131r. \u0130leri evre rektum t\u00fcm\u00f6rlerinde ve se\u00e7ilmi\u015f hastalarda ameliyattan \u00f6nce verilecek kemoterapi ve radyoterapi ile, t\u00fcm\u00f6r boyutu ve invazyon derinli\u011finin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilirli\u011finin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflenir, b\u00f6ylece lokaln\u00fcks riski en aza indirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"1ac3m9Updd\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/kanser\/\">Kanser<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Kanser&#8221; &#8212; Turkey Istanbul Medical\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/kanser\/embed\/#?secret=1ac3m9Updd\" data-secret=\"1ac3m9Updd\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Rektum_Polipleri\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Rektum Polipleri<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Rektum Polipleri Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Polipler toplumun yakla\u015f\u0131k %20-30&#8217;unda g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme y\u00f6ntemlerinde olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan olu\u015fumlard\u0131r. Polipler, ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n mukoza ad\u0131 verilen en i\u00e7 tabakas\u0131ndaki kontrols\u00fcz b\u00fcy\u00fcme sonucunda geli\u015firler. Polipler, kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ancak daha s\u0131kl\u0131kla sol kolonda, sigmoid kolonda ve rektumda geli\u015firler. Polipler iyi huylu t\u00fcm\u00f6rler olmakla beraber baz\u0131 tipleri y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde kansere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. Kolon ve rektum kanserlerinin %90&#8217;dan fazlas\u0131 ise bir polipden geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2740\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Rektum-Polipleri.jpg\" alt=\"Rektum Polipleri\" width=\"328\" height=\"227\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Poliplerin Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Bir\u00e7ok kolorektal polip herhangi bir belirtiye yol a\u00e7maz. Bu y\u00fczden tarama programlar\u0131n\u0131n ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme tetkiklerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Poliplerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 hastalarda d\u0131\u015fk\u0131da kan g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine yol a\u00e7abilir. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 mukus \u00fcretimi, ba\u011f\u0131rsak al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik, ishaller ve kar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 polip varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen di\u011fer belirtilerdir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Poliplere Nas\u0131l Tan\u0131 Konur?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Polipleri saptamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan en yayg\u0131n y\u00f6ntem kolonoskopidir. Bu g\u00fcn\u00fcbirlik i\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda doktorunuz uzun, esnek ve \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 bir alet yard\u0131m\u0131yla kal\u0131n barsa\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 inceler. E\u011fer i\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda polipler saptan\u0131rsa ayn\u0131 zamanda bunlar da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Di\u011fer radyolojik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme y\u00f6ntemleri ile poliplerin saptanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Di\u011fer hastal\u0131klar nedeniyle yap\u0131lan tomografi tetkiklerinde, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck polipler ancak \u015fans eseri g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenebilir. E\u011fer kolonoskopide bir polip saptan\u0131rsa bunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 veya takibinin yap\u0131labilmesi amac\u0131yla belli aral\u0131klarla kolonoskopi tekrar\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Poliplerin Tedavi Edilmesi Gerekli Midir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kolorektal bir polibin kansere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeyece\u011fini tahmin etmede g\u00f6rsel bir kan\u0131t olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in poliplerin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve patolojik inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Poliplerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu kolonoskopi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir. B\u00fcy\u00fck ve d\u00fcztabanl\u0131 poliplerde, kolonoskopi ile \u00e7\u0131kartmak, zor, yetersiz ve barsak delinmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan riskli olabilir. Bu nedenle baz\u0131 hastalarda polibin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in cerrahi tedavi gerekebilir. E\u011fer kolonoskopi ile \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan rektum poliplerinde TAM\u0130S y\u00f6ntemi ile polip \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Makat Sarkmas\u0131 (Rektal Prolapsus) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rektal prolapsus, rektumun (kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n son k\u0131sm\u0131, makat b\u00f6lgesinin hemen \u00fczerinde yer almaktad\u0131r) esnemesi ve makattan d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya sarkmas\u0131d\u0131r. Genellikle makat\u0131 kasmaya yarayan sfinkter kaslar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerinin e\u015flik etmesi ile d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rma g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ni\u00e7in Meydana Gelir?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rektal prolapsusun olu\u015fmas\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok fakt\u00f6r etkili olmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Ba\u011f\u0131rsak al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcreli de\u011fi\u015fimler, hatta \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015flayan bir s\u00fcrecin ge\u00e7 bulgusu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir. \u00c7ok nadir olmakla beraber genetik ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00f6z konusudur. Bir\u00e7ok hastada rektumun pelvise as\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan ba\u011flarda gev\u015feme ve sifinkter kaslar\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fck s\u00f6z konusudur. Bazen rektal prolapsusa pelvik taban\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi e\u015flik eder ve idrar ka\u00e7\u0131rma g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr, ya da pelvis i\u00e7i di\u011fer organlar\u0131n da d\u0131\u015far\u0131 do\u011fru sarkmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir. Omurilik hasar\u0131 ve hastal\u0131klar\u0131 sonucu da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Hemoroidal Hastal\u0131k \u0130le Rektal Prolapsus Ayn\u0131 M\u0131d\u0131r?\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kanama ya da mukozal bir dokunun makattan sarkmas\u0131 belki iki hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n da ortak semptomu olmakla beraber rektal prolapsusta daha \u00fcst seviyeden bir ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n makattan sarkmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. Hemoroidal hastal\u0131kta ise anal kanal denilen makat b\u00f6lgesinin sarkmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rektal Prolapsus Tan\u0131s\u0131 Nas\u0131l Konulur?\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hekimin dikkatli bir hik\u00e2ye almas\u0131 ve tam bir ano-rektal b\u00f6lge muayenesi ile tan\u0131 konulabilmektedir. Prolapsusu g\u00f6rebilmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 durumlarda hasta tuvalete oturur pozisyona al\u0131narak \u0131k\u0131nmas\u0131 istenir ve prolapsus izlenir. Baz\u0131 durumlarda rektal prolapsus i\u00e7eride kald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan izlenemeyebilir. Gizli rektal prolapsus mevcutsa defakografi denilen hastan\u0131n d\u0131\u015fk\u0131lama esnas\u0131nda rektumun ve makat\u0131n hareketlerini inceleyen radyoloji y\u00f6ntemi ile tan\u0131 konulabilmektedir. Anal manometri denilen ve makat b\u00f6lgesi kaslar\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7en tetkik ile rektumu \u00e7evreleyen kaslardaki ve sifinkterlerdeki zay\u0131fl\u0131k g\u00f6sterilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Nas\u0131l Tedavi Edilir?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Rektal prolapsusun tedavisi cerrahidir. Kab\u0131zl\u0131k ve fazla \u0131k\u0131nma rektal prolapsusu tetikledi\u011fi durumlarda basit diyet \u00f6nerileri, rektal prolapsus geli\u015ftikten sonra hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayamamaktad\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok cerrahi y\u00f6ntem tedavisi i\u00e7in tarif edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Kar\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131m ve makattan yakla\u015f\u0131m olarak iki ana ba\u015fl\u0131k toparlanabilecek tekniklerin se\u00e7iminde, prolapsusun derecesi, hastan\u0131n ya\u015f\u0131 ve fiziksel durumu, tan\u0131sal testlerin sonucu \u00f6nemlidir. Kar\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131mlar laparoskopik y\u00f6ntemle yap\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cerrahini Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 Nedir?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hastalar\u0131n tama yak\u0131n\u0131 cerrahi sonras\u0131 \u015fikayetlerinden tamamen kurtulmaktad\u0131r ya da b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda rahatlamaktad\u0131r. Cerrahinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, ameliyat \u00f6ncesi sifinkterlerin durumu,\u00a0 prolapsusun makattan sarkmas\u0131 ya da i\u00e7eride kalmas\u0131, hastan\u0131n kondisyonu gibi bir\u00e7ok fakt\u00f6re ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Soliter_Rektal_\u00dclser_Sendromu\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Soliter Rektal \u00dclser Sendromu<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Soliter Rektal \u00dclser Sendromu Nedir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n makata yak\u0131n olan son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne rektum ad\u0131 verilir. Rektum kas ve ba\u011flarla le\u011fen kemi\u011fine (pelvis) tutunur. Rektumdan kaynaklanan aft \u015feklinde \u00fclser veya yaralara &#8216;soliter rektal \u00fclser sendromu\u2019 ad\u0131 verilir. Soliter rektal \u00fclser sendromu, ilk olarak 1829 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cruveilhier taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f, ancak as\u0131l varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1969 y\u0131l\u0131nda Madigan ve Morson&#8217;un klinik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2744\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Solitary-Rectal-Ulcer-Syndrome.jpg\" alt=\"Soliter Rektal \u00dclser Sendromu\" width=\"791\" height=\"679\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Soliter Rektal \u00dclser Sendromu Neden Olur?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Ba\u011f\u0131rsak b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin birbirinin i\u00e7ine girmesi (intussusepsiyon) sonucunda damarlar gerilir ve \u00f6nce ba\u011f\u0131rsakta kanlanma bozuklu\u011fu (iskemi) ve ard\u0131ndan \u00fclser geli\u015fir.<\/li>\n<li>Pelvik (le\u011fen kemi\u011fi) taban kaslar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczensiz kas\u0131lmas\u0131 (spastik pelvik taban sendromu)<\/li>\n<li>D\u0131\u015fk\u0131y\u0131 bo\u015faltma \u00e7abalar\u0131: lavman veya parmakla kronik kab\u0131zl\u0131k durumunda d\u0131\u015fk\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kartmak.<\/li>\n<li>Makat sarkmas\u0131 (rektal prolapsus): % 40 oran\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>Radyoterapi: kar\u0131n bo\u015flu\u011fu ve le\u011fen kemi\u011fi i\u00e7indeki t\u00fcm\u00f6rlerin (rektum kanseri, prostat kanseri, vb.) \u0131\u015f\u0131nlanmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda<\/li>\n<li>D\u0131\u015fk\u0131 ta\u015fla\u015fmas\u0131 (fekalom)<\/li>\n<li>A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131k\u0131nma<\/li>\n<li>Baz\u0131 migren ila\u00e7lar\u0131 (ergotamin i\u00e7erenler)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Soliter Rektal \u00dclser Sendromunun Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Makatta a\u011fr\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Makattan kanama<\/li>\n<li>D\u0131\u015fk\u0131lama zorlu\u011fu<\/li>\n<li>Kar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131<\/li>\n<li>D\u0131\u015fk\u0131lama al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik<\/li>\n<li>D\u0131\u015fk\u0131n\u0131n tam bo\u015falmamas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>S\u00fcm\u00fcks\u00fc (mukus) ak\u0131nt\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Gaz veya d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rma (inkontinens)<\/li>\n<li>\u0130shal: % 20 oran\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>Tenezm (tenezim veya tenesmus): s\u00fcrekli \u0131k\u0131nma hissinin olmas\u0131 ancak buna kar\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015fk\u0131laman\u0131n olmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Belirti yok: hastalar\u0131n % 25&#8217;inde hi\u00e7bir belirti g\u00f6r\u00fclmez.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Yak\u0131nmalar\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile tan\u0131 aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en ortalama s\u00fcre, 5 y\u0131l olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Soliter Rektal \u00dclser Sendromu Hangi Hastal\u0131klarla Kar\u0131\u015fabilir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Hemoroid (basur, mayas\u0131l, babas\u0131l)<\/li>\n<li>Makat \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131 (anal fiss\u00fcr)<\/li>\n<li>Makat apsesi (anorektal apse, anal apse, perianal apse)<\/li>\n<li>Anal kriptit: Makat b\u00f6lgesinde d\u0131\u015fk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kayganla\u015ft\u0131rma g\u00f6revi yapan k\u0131l ve ter bezlerinin (4-10 adet) enfeksiyonudur.<\/li>\n<li>Rektum kanseri<\/li>\n<li>Makat kanseri (anal kanser, an\u00fcs kanseri)<\/li>\n<li>\u0130ltihabi ba\u011f\u0131rsak hastal\u0131klar\u0131 (Crohn hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fclseratif kolit)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Soliter Rektal \u00dclser Sendromunun Tan\u0131s\u0131 Nas\u0131l Konulur?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Endoskopi:<\/strong> Rektoskopi (proktoskopi), sigmoidoskopi, kolonoskopide ba\u011f\u0131rsak y\u00fczeyinde olgular\u0131n % 20&#8217;sinde (mukoza) k\u0131zar\u0131kl\u0131k ve \u00fclser, % 25&#8217;inde polip ve % 30&#8217;unda \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00fclser \u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ultrasonografi:<\/strong> endoskopik rektal ultrasonografi (ERUS) veya endoanal ultrasonografi (EAUS)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Defekografi<\/strong>: Makat kanal\u0131n\u0131n (anal kanal) ve rektum ad\u0131 verilen kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n makat ile birle\u015fen k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015falmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda video e\u015fli\u011finde r\u00f6ntgen ile g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmesi i\u015flemidir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anorektal manometri:<\/strong> soliter rektal \u00fclser sendromu olan ki\u015filerin % 55&#8217;inin anorektal manometri tetkiklerinde anal dissinerji veya anismus bulgular\u0131na rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Soliter Rektal \u00dclser Sendromu Nas\u0131l Tedavi Edilir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Ya\u015fam de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri<\/li>\n<li>G\u00fcnde 2 Lt civar\u0131nda su almak yararl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Lifteki diyet miktar\u0131n\u0131, meyve, sebze ve tah\u0131ll\u0131 g\u0131dalar ile g\u00fcnde 25-35 gram civar\u0131nda tutmak yarar sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00fczenli spor yap\u0131lmas\u0131: haftan\u0131n birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn\u00fc en az 30 dakika s\u00fcre ile d\u00fczenli spor yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yarar sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<li>Kahve ile gazl\u0131 i\u00e7eceklerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmakta yarar vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0130la\u00e7lar:<\/strong> Sukralfat, kortizon, mesalamin ve sulfasalazin i\u00e7erikli lavmanlar yarar sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Biofeedback:<\/strong> Hastalara \u00f6zellikle ba\u011f\u0131rsak hareketleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131k\u0131nmadan ka\u00e7\u0131nma konusunda e\u011fitim verilir. Buradaki ana ama\u00e7, hastalara pelvik (le\u011fen kemi\u011fi) taban kaslar\u0131n\u0131n gev\u015fetilmesinin \u00f6\u011fretilmesidir. Biofeedback tedavisinde makat i\u00e7ine bir cihaz yerle\u015ftirilerek makat kaslar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilebilir ve b\u00f6ylelikle hem d\u0131\u015fk\u0131lama say\u0131s\u0131, hem de d\u0131\u015fk\u0131lama zorlu\u011fu olgular\u0131n % 65&#8217;inde d\u00fczeltilebilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Endokopik tedaviler<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Skleroterapi:<\/strong> endoskopik enjeksiyon ile rektum&#8217;un submukoza ad\u0131 verilen b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne % 5 fenol, % 30 hipertonik serum veya % 25 glukoz enjekte edilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lazer tedavisi:<\/strong> endoskopik olarak lazer ile \u00fclser b\u00f6lgesi yak\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fibrin yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131:<\/strong> \u00fclser zeminini endoskopik olarak fibrin yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ile kaplan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cerrahi giri\u015fim:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Rektopeksi:<\/strong> Hastalarda makat sarkmas\u0131 (rektal prolapsus) varsa, rektumu yukar\u0131 do\u011fru asma (rektopeksi) ameliyat\u0131 uygulan\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda bu teknik s\u0131kl\u0131kla laparoskopik cerrahi veya robotik cerrahi ile uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Delorme ameliyat\u0131:<\/strong> rektum\u2019un mukoza ad\u0131 verilen i\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131 kesilir ve ard\u0131ndan diki\u015flerle tespit edilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stoma:<\/strong> rektumun ameliyatla al\u0131n\u0131p hastaya kolostomi (kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n kar\u0131n derisine a\u011f\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131rsak kesesi, ba\u011f\u0131rsak torbas\u0131 uygulanmas\u0131d\u0131r.) uygulanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"Hemoroid_Basur\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Hemoroid (Basur)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Hemoroid Nedir, Nas\u0131l Olu\u015fur?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n son k\u0131sm\u0131 olan anus olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki ya da makat b\u00f6lgesinde damarlar\u0131n \u015fi\u015fmesi veya b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine hemoroid denir.\u00a0 Anal kanaldaki damar yumaklar\u0131 sarkar ve kimi zaman da s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kanar. Zaman ilerledik\u00e7e bu yumaklar makat\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2748\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Hemoroid-Basur.jpg\" alt=\"Hemoroid (Basur)\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Hemoroid evreleri;<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Evre:<\/strong> Hemoroidde kanama ile kendini belli eder. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kanamalar, tuvalet ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n\u0131 kirletecek \u015fekilde ya da kimi zaman damla \u015feklindedir. Bu evrede hemoroidler sarkmaz. Ancak rektoskopi ile g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Evre:<\/strong> Hemoroidler d\u0131\u015fk\u0131lama ile birlikte d\u0131\u015far\u0131 sarkarlar ve sonras\u0131nda kendili\u011finden geri giderler.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Evre:<\/strong> Hemoroid memeleri art\u0131k an\u00fcs d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaln\u0131zca parmakla itilerek an\u00fcse geri itilebilmektelerdir. \u00c7ok s\u0131k olarak \u00f6dem ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir ve a\u011fr\u0131ya sebep olurlar.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Evre:<\/strong> Hemoroidlerin makattan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 sarkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 evredir. Memeler genellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck ve \u0131slakt\u0131r. \u015eikayetler aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck abdestten sonra tam temizlenememe nedeniyle i\u00e7 \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n kirlenmesi vard\u0131r ve otururken a\u011fr\u0131 da olu\u015fabilmektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Hemoroid Belirtisi Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu belirtilere dikkat!<\/p>\n<p>S\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan hemoroid belirtileri;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u0131\u015fk\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u011fr\u0131 ya da yanma hissi<\/li>\n<li>Rektal kanama (Makattan taze k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli kanama)<\/li>\n<li>Makatta \u015fi\u015flik, ak\u0131nt\u0131 veya \u0131slakl\u0131k hissi<\/li>\n<li>Ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131<\/li>\n<li>D\u0131\u015fk\u0131lamada d\u00fczensizlik<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Hemoroid (Basur) Tan\u0131s\u0131 Nas\u0131l Konur? <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi hemoroid sorunlar\u0131yla ilgili doktora gitmekten utanmaktad\u0131r. Bu sebeple rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunanlar\u0131n % 75&#8217;inde hemoroidde b\u00fcy\u00fcme olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bunlardan sadece %4&#8217;l\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bir doktora ba\u015fvurmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir t\u0131bbi muayene yap\u0131lmas\u0131, doktorunuzun etkili bir tedavi y\u00f6ntemi \u00f6nermesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Bu belirtileriniz i\u00e7in daha ciddi nedenlerin de d\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131na yard\u0131m eder. Doktorunuz d\u0131\u015f hemoroid olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kolayca g\u00f6rebilir. \u0130\u00e7 hemoroid te\u015fhisi i\u00e7in ise anal kanal ve rektum muayenesi ve ba\u015fka testler yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Rektum muayenesi, doktor taraf\u0131ndan parmakla yap\u0131l\u0131r. Muayene ile daha ileri tetkik gerekip gerekmedi\u011fi konusuna karar verilir. \u0130\u00e7 hemoroidler \u00e7ok yumu\u015fak oldu\u011fundan muayene ile tespit edilemeyebilir. Bu nedenle rektum ve di\u011fer kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n kolonoskopi ad\u0131 verilen ve ucunda kamera bulunan bir aletle incelenmesi gerekebilir. Doktorunuz a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki durumlarda kolonoskopi kullanarak t\u00fcm kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 incelemek isteyebilir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Belirti ve bulgular ba\u015fka bir sindirim sistemi rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyorsa<\/li>\n<li>Kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsak kanseri i\u00e7in risk fakt\u00f6rleriniz varsa<\/li>\n<li>Orta ya\u015ftaysan\u0131z ve yak\u0131n zamanda kolonoskopi yap\u0131lmad\u0131ysa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hemoroid Tedavisi Nas\u0131l Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tedavisinde \u00f6ncelikle ba\u011f\u0131rsak hareketlerinin d\u00fczenlenmesi ama\u00e7lan\u0131r. S\u00fcrekli meydana gelen kab\u0131zl\u0131k ya da ishal gibi sorunlar\u0131n\u0131z varsa \u00f6nce buna yol a\u00e7an sebepler bulunmal\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Uzman doktor taraf\u0131ndan kesin hemoroid tan\u0131s\u0131 konmadan herhangi bir hemoroid kremi ya da ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Daha \u00e7ok l. ve 2. evredekiler i\u00e7in ila\u00e7 ve krem tedavisi uygulan\u0131r. Krem genel olarak a\u011fr\u0131, \u015fi\u015flik ve yanmay\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda az miktarda nitrogliserin i\u00e7eren kremle sorun olan b\u00f6lgeye masaj yap\u0131lmas\u0131 da a\u011fr\u0131 ve yanmay\u0131 azaltabilir. Bu kremler makat kaslar\u0131n\u0131 gev\u015fetip rahatlatabilir. Ancak kullan\u0131lan kremler etkisi a\u011f\u0131r olan kremlerdir. Fazla miktarda al\u0131nmamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>D\u0131\u015fk\u0131lama sonras\u0131 herhangi bir k\u00fcvete \u0131l\u0131k su konarak yakla\u015f\u0131k on be\u015f yirmi dakika oturulmas\u0131 da hemoroid tedavi y\u00f6ntemlerindendir. Oturma banyosu ad\u0131 verilen bu y\u00f6ntemde dezenfektan kullan\u0131labilir ve rahatlama sa\u011flar. Ard\u0131ndan da makat k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t havluyla kurulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bo\u011fma tedavisi ya da bant ligasyonu ise geli\u015ftirilen bir ba\u015fka tedavi y\u00f6ntemidir. Bu y\u00f6ntemde hemoroid memesinin etraf\u0131na bir lastik tak\u0131l\u0131r ve meme \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeye terk edilir. Bunlar a\u00e7\u0131k ve ameliyats\u0131z tedavi y\u00f6ntemleridir.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Anal_fiss\u00fcr_Makat_\u00c7atla\u011f\u0131\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Anal fiss\u00fcr (Makat \u00c7atla\u011f\u0131) <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Anal Fiss\u00fcr (\u00c7atlak) Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Anal fiss\u00fcr (\u00e7atlak), makat\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u00e7atlak \u015feklinde olu\u015fan bir yara sonucu d\u0131\u015fk\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131nda \u015fiddetli a\u011fr\u0131ya ve bazen kanamaya neden olan hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f olarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n verdi\u011fi rahats\u0131zl\u0131k \u00e7ok belirgindir. \u00c7atlak en \u00e7ok arka orta hatta olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2752\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/makat-catlagi.jpg\" alt=\"Anal fiss\u00fcr (Makat \u00c7atla\u011f\u0131)\" width=\"880\" height=\"487\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Anal Fiss\u00fcr Neden Olu\u015fur?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hen\u00fcz tam olarak belirlenememi\u015fse de uzun s\u00fcreli kab\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, do\u011fumun, Crohn hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fclseratif kolit gibi iltihabi barsak hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n olu\u015fumunda ve devam\u0131nda etkili oldu\u011fu bilinir. Hastalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda \u015fikayetlerin ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce b\u00fcy\u00fck ve sert bir d\u0131\u015fk\u0131lama hikayesi veya ishal s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131rsak hareketlerinin olu\u015fu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015flatan olayd\u0131r. Rektal bir termometrenin yerle\u015ftirilmesi, lavman cihaz\u0131n\u0131n ucu; hatta rektum ve an\u00fcs\u00fcn muayenesinde kullan\u0131lan bir endoskop anal fiss\u00fcr meydana gelmesi i\u00e7in yeterli bir travma olu\u015fturabilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Anal Fiss\u00fcr\u00fcn Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Ana \u015fikayet, makatta d\u0131\u015fk\u0131lama ile \u00e7ok \u015fiddetlenen sonras\u0131nda biraz hafifleyen a\u011fr\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015fk\u0131yla gelen birka\u00e7 damla parlak k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kand\u0131r. Bunlara kab\u0131zl\u0131k da e\u015flik edebilir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Makatta a\u011fr\u0131<\/li>\n<li>D\u0131\u015fk\u0131da kan<\/li>\n<li>Kab\u0131zl\u0131k<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Anal Fiss\u00fcr Nas\u0131l Tedavi Edilir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Anal fiss\u00fcr\u00fcn tedavisinde kab\u0131zl\u0131ktan korunma \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bunun i\u00e7in bol meyve, sebze t\u00fcketilmelidir. Kad\u0131nlardaki anal fiss\u00fcr, genellikle do\u011fum travmas\u0131 veya do\u011fumdan sonraki ilk g\u00fcnlerde olu\u015fan kab\u0131zl\u0131kla ilgilidir. Anal fiss\u00fcr bir \u015fekilde olu\u015fmu\u015fsa diyet, d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 yumu\u015fat\u0131c\u0131 ila\u00e7lar, k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli topikal kremler, s\u0131cak su oturma banyolar\u0131na 3 hafta kadar devam edilmeli, a\u011fr\u0131 varsa a\u011fr\u0131 kesiciler verilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>Cerrahi tedavide alt\u0131n standart internal sfinkterotomi denilen lokal veya genel anestezi ile yap\u0131lan makat\u0131n i\u00e7 kas\u0131n\u0131n kesilerek gev\u015fetildi\u011fi ameliyatt\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntemle b\u00f6lgedeki bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ameliyattan sonra \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n %97 ile %100&#8217;\u00fc tamamen iyile\u015fir. Hastalar\u0131n %90&#8217;\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 48 saat i\u00e7erisinde a\u011fr\u0131dan kurtulurlar.<\/p>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca anal fiss\u00fcr tedavisinde lokal olarak kullan\u0131lan merhemler anal kanaldaki bas\u0131nc\u0131 azaltarak etkili olmakta, ilac\u0131n olumlu etkisinin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k olmas\u0131n\u0131n hastada herhangi bir zarar meydana getirmemesi ve yan etkilerinin son derece az, \u00f6nemsiz olmas\u0131 nedeniyle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde tercih edilmeye ba\u015flayan tedavi y\u00f6ntemleri olmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yeni bir uygulama ile anal fiss\u00fcr hastalar\u0131na cerrahi tedaviye alternatif olarak Botulinum toksini (filler) injeksiyonu yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015flem anestezi gerektirmeden poliklinik \u015fartlar\u0131nda uygulanmakta ve i\u015flemden hemen sonra hastalar evlerine g\u00f6nderilmektedir. Bu y\u00f6ntem, herhangi bir anestezi gerektirmemesi, a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131 ve ameliyata g\u00f6re uygun maliyeti ile alternatif bir se\u00e7enek olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Makat_Apsesi_Anorektal_Apse\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Makat Apsesi<\/strong> <strong>(Anorektal Apse)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Anal Apse Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Anal apse, makatta iltihaplanma sonucu irin toplanmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fur. Genellikle makat salg\u0131 bezlerinin iltihaplanmas\u0131ndan k\u00f6ken al\u0131r ve yay\u0131l\u0131r. Bu bezlerin esas g\u00f6revi, mukus salg\u0131layarak d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Acil cerrahi gerektiren iltihabi bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Her ya\u015f grubunda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmekle birlikte 30-40 ya\u015f aras\u0131nda daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Erkekler de kad\u0131nlara oranla g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha fazlad\u0131r. S\u0131kl\u0131kla d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 yumu\u015fakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkbahar-yaz aylar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Sulu d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 bezlerin alg\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktalar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131kayarak hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tetiklemektedir.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"size-full wp-image-2756 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Makat-Apsesi-Anorektal-Apse.jpg\" alt=\"Makat Apsesi (Anorektal Apse)\" width=\"300\" height=\"186\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Anal Apse Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>D\u0131\u015fk\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda makat b\u00f6lgesinde a\u011fr\u0131 ile ba\u015flar, daha sonra k\u0131zar\u0131kl\u0131k, \u015fi\u015flik ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi belirtiler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Hastalar ayr\u0131ca ate\u015f , terleme, halsizlik ve makattan iltihap \u015feklinde ak\u0131nt\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerler.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Anal Apse Neden Olu\u015fur?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Anal b\u00f6lgeye uygulanm\u0131\u015f cerrahi giri\u015fimler, anal b\u00f6lge travmas\u0131, anal fist\u00fcl varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, daha \u00f6nce ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f anal apse hikayesi, anal apse olu\u015fumunda risk fakt\u00f6rleri olarak s\u0131ralanabilir. Bazen uzun s\u00fcreli ishal sonras\u0131 olu\u015ftu\u011fu g\u00f6zlenmektedir. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 alkol t\u00fcketimi ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kilo risk fakt\u00f6rleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0Anal Apse Nas\u0131l Yay\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Artan irin miktar\u0131n\u0131n uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 nedeniyle intersfinkterik apse, kendini \u00e7evreleyen kom\u015fu dokulara yay\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6sterir, cilt alt\u0131na do\u011fru ilerler, perianal bo\u015flu\u011fa ula\u015f\u0131r ve b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek perianal apse olu\u015fturur. Kaslar aras\u0131ndan yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru ilerler ve supralevator bo\u015flukta supralevator apseyi olu\u015fturur. Ya da sfinkter kas\u0131n\u0131 yanlamas\u0131na ge\u00e7er ve iskiorektal apse halini al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anal Apsede Tan\u0131 Nas\u0131l Konulur?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7o\u011fu hastada tan\u0131 i\u00e7in muayene yeterlidir. Bazen ultrason ve MR istenebilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Anal Apsede Tedavi Y\u00f6ntemleri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Anal apse tedavisinin amac\u0131, makat b\u00f6lgesine ait semptomlar\u0131 ve genel enfeksiyon durumunu d\u00fczeltmek, ayr\u0131ca apsenin komplike bir hal almas\u0131n\u0131 veya anal fist\u00fcl gibi baz\u0131 ba\u015fka patolojileri tetiklemesini \u00f6nlemektir.<\/p>\n<p>Anal apsenin tedavisi cerrahidir. Anestezi alt\u0131nda apse drenaj\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r, insizyon i\u00e7in an\u00fcse en yak\u0131n yer se\u00e7ilmelidir. Apse bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, a\u011fr\u0131, ate\u015f ve di\u011fer iltihabi bulgular h\u0131zla iyile\u015fecektir. Bu iyile\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde antibiyotik, a\u011fr\u0131 kesici ve s\u0131cak su oturma banyosu kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>Cerrahi y\u00f6ntemler sonras\u0131 antibiyotik tedavisi verilen hasta d\u00fczenli olarak takip edilir. N\u00fcks oran\u0131 %10 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Apsesi olan hastan\u0131n hekime ge\u00e7 ba\u015fvurmas\u0131, apsenin yetersiz tedavisi ve apsenin yerle\u015fim yeri fist\u00fcl olu\u015fum riski a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Anal apsesi olan hastalar\u0131n %30&#8217;unda fist\u00fcl olu\u015fumu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"K\u0131l_D\u00f6nmesi\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>K\u0131l D\u00f6nmesi<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/K%C4%B1l_d%C3%B6nmesi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">K\u0131l d\u00f6nmesi<\/a>, daha \u00e7ok erkeklerde ve kuyruk sokumu b\u00f6lgesinde meydana gelen bir cilt rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. V\u00fccutta s\u0131rt, ense, sa\u00e7 derisi gibi b\u00f6lgelerden d\u00f6k\u00fclen t\u00fcy ve k\u0131llar\u0131n g\u00f6zenek ya da bo\u015fluklardan derinin i\u00e7ine g\u00f6m\u00fclmesi ve burada birikerek kistik bir yap\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fur. K\u0131l d\u00f6nmesinin bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgede iltihaplanma da meydana gelebilir. Kuyruk sokumu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda nadir de olsa g\u00f6bek deli\u011fi gibi ba\u015fka v\u00fccut b\u00f6lgelerinde de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2760\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/kil-donmes-gorsel.jpg\" alt=\"K\u0131l D\u00f6nmesi\" width=\"892\" height=\"409\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/\">K\u0131l D\u00f6nmesi<\/a> (Pilonidal Sin\u00fcs) Nedir? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u0131p literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde \u201cpilonidal sin\u00fcs\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan k\u0131l d\u00f6nmesi hijyen ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve v\u00fccuttaki t\u00fcylerin d\u00fczenli periyotlar ile al\u0131nmas\u0131 ile \u00f6nlenebilen bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Fakat hastal\u0131k ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra yap\u0131lacak tek \u015fey klinik ve hastanelere ba\u015fvurarak bir genel cerrahi uzman\u0131ndan destek almakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc k\u0131l d\u00f6nmesi belirli bir zaman sonra kendili\u011finden ge\u00e7ebilecek bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131k de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>K\u0131l D\u00f6nmesi (Pilonidal Sin\u00fcs) Neden Olur? <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Uzmanlar pilonidal sin\u00fcs\u00fcn olu\u015fumuna ili\u015fkin 2 farkl\u0131 teori ileri s\u00fcrmektedir. Bunlardan ilki v\u00fccuttan d\u00f6k\u00fclen k\u0131l ve t\u00fcylerin \u00f6zellikle terleme de varsa derideki delik ve g\u00f6zeneklerden cildimizin alt\u0131nda birikmesidir. V\u00fccudun hareketi s\u0131ras\u0131nda deri alt\u0131na giren k\u0131llar\u0131n 60 &#8211; 70 civar\u0131na ula\u015fabildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. K\u0131llar\u0131n birikti\u011fi b\u00f6lge bir zarla \u00e7evrilerek kistik bir yap\u0131 olu\u015fturur. K\u0131llara reaksiyon olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan s\u0131v\u0131 ise sin\u00fcs a\u011fz\u0131ndan d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya do\u011fru akan k\u00f6t\u00fc kokulu bir apseye neden olur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>K\u0131l D\u00f6nmesi (Pilonidal Sin\u00fcs) Belirtileri Nelerdir? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131nda hastay\u0131 rahats\u0131z etmeyen belirtiler ilerleyen evrelerde dayan\u0131lmayacak bir hal alabilir. K\u0131l d\u00f6nmesi nedeniyle sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015funa m\u00fcracaat eden hastalar\u0131n neredeyse tamam\u0131nda g\u00f6zlenen baz\u0131 belirtiler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>K\u0131l d\u00f6nmesinin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131nda ak\u0131nt\u0131 sorunu ba\u015f g\u00f6sterir. \u0130\u00e7 \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r\u0131ndaki bu nemlili\u011fi ola\u011fan kar\u015f\u0131layan hastalar bu evrede vakadan genelde habersizdir.<\/li>\n<li>Bu ak\u0131nt\u0131 mikroplar ile birle\u015fti\u011finde iltihap haline d\u00f6ner ve ye\u015fil bir renk al\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Ak\u0131nt\u0131ya k\u00f6t\u00fc bir koku da e\u015flik eder.<\/li>\n<li>Bazen kanl\u0131 ak\u0131nt\u0131 da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/li>\n<li>K\u0131l d\u00f6nmesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen di\u011fer belirtiler ise makatta ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131, k\u0131zar\u0131kl\u0131k, \u015fi\u015flik ve a\u011fr\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Zaman i\u00e7inde a\u011fr\u0131 o kadar \u015fiddetli bir h\u00e2l al\u0131r ki, hasta art\u0131k g\u00fcnl\u00fck aktivitelerini yerine getiremeyecek hale gelir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>K\u0131l d\u00f6nmesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen k\u00f6t\u00fc kokunun nedeni ilgili b\u00f6lgenin iltihaplanarak apsele\u015fmesidir. Sin\u00fcs a\u011fz\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan ak\u0131nt\u0131lar mikroplar ile birle\u015ferek k\u00f6t\u00fc kokulu ve iltihapl\u0131 bir apsenin olu\u015fmas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlar. Pilonidal sin\u00fcs b\u00f6lgesinde meydana gelen \u015fi\u015fli\u011fin boyutu b\u00f6lgede biriken k\u0131llar\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011funa g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterir. Kistin gerilerek apse halini almas\u0131yla meydana gelen a\u011fr\u0131 dayan\u0131lmayacak bir \u015fiddete sahip olabilir. Ki\u015fi bu a\u011fr\u0131 nedeniyle oturamaz ve y\u00fcr\u00fcyemez hale gelebilir. G\u00fcndelik faaliyetlerin dahi yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n son evresinde olundu\u011funun i\u015faretidir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>K\u0131l D\u00f6nmesi Nas\u0131l Tedavi Edilir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>K\u0131l d\u00f6nmesinin tedavisinde \u00f6ncelikle b\u00f6lgenin durumuna bak\u0131l\u0131r. Dokorunuz k\u0131l d\u00f6nmesi olan b\u00f6lgedeki duruma g\u00f6re sizi uygun g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tedaviyi uygulayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Koruyucu\/\u00f6nleyici yakla\u015f\u0131m<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>E\u011fer durum erken seviyede tespit edilebilmi\u015f ve kuyruk sokumunda k\u0131zar\u0131kl\u0131k, \u015fi\u015fkinlik ya da a\u011fr\u0131 yoksa doktorunuz geni\u015f spektrumlu antibiyotiklerle ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini kontrol alt\u0131na alarak kist ve apse olu\u015fumunu engeller.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> Cerrahi m\u00fcdahale<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Proktoloji, genel cerrahinin bir alt bran\u015f\u0131d\u0131r ve uzmanl\u0131k olarak makat hastal\u0131klar\u0131 tan\u0131 ve tedavisiyle ilgilenirler. K\u0131l d\u00f6nmesinde olu\u015fan kisti ya da apseyi kendi kendinize kesinlike s\u0131kmaya kalkmay\u0131n. Bu, size fazlas\u0131yla ac\u0131 verece\u011fi gibi doktor kontrol\u00fc olmadan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bu eylem hassasla\u015fm\u0131\u015f dokuyu di\u011fer d\u0131\u015f hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z hale getirir.<\/p>\n<p>K\u0131l d\u00f6nmesi tedavisi i\u00e7in y\u0131llar i\u00e7erisinde elliden fazla cerrahi m\u00fcdahale geli\u015ftirilse de bunlardan yaln\u0131zca on tanesi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde, kuyruk sokumunda olu\u015fan k\u0131l d\u00f6nmesi tedavisinde kullan\u0131lan en yayg\u0131n ameliyat \u00e7e\u015fidi Bascom\u2019dur. Bu y\u00f6ntemin en b\u00fcy\u00fck avantaj\u0131, hastay\u0131 yatmak zorunda b\u0131rakmadan g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131na devam etmesini sa\u011flamas\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131l d\u00f6nmesinin olu\u015ftu\u011fu yer belirlenerek a\u00e7\u0131lan yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 santim uzunlu\u011funda a\u00e7\u0131lan kesiden kistin ya da apsenin i\u00e7i bo\u015falt\u0131l\u0131r. Doktor kistin durumuna g\u00f6re kesi\u011fi kapatmay\u0131 ya da kapatmamay\u0131 tercih edebilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A\u00e7\u0131k yara:<\/strong> Bu tercihte doktor yaray\u0131 kapatmamay\u0131 tercih eder ve i\u00e7i bo\u015falt\u0131lan b\u00f6lgenin i\u00e7eriden d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya do\u011fru iyile\u015ferek tamamen kapanmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. Yaray\u0131 kapatmama tercihinde iyile\u015fme s\u00fcresi daha uzun olsa da \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn tamamen kapanmas\u0131 sa\u011flanarak, kuyruk sokumunda yeniden k\u0131l d\u00f6nmesi olu\u015fumu riskini minimuma indirir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Diki\u015fli yara:<\/strong> Kesinin diki\u015fle kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 tercihinde iyile\u015fme s\u00fcresi \u00e7ok daha k\u0131sa olsa da rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n n\u00fcksetme ihtimali \u00e7ok y\u00fcksetir. Baz\u0131 cerrahlar, iyile\u015fmenin daha zor oldu\u011fu kenar b\u00f6lgelerini yarmay\u0131 tercih ederek iyile\u015fme s\u00fcrecini h\u0131zland\u0131rmay\u0131 tercih edebilirler.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Anal_Ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131_Pruritus\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Anal Ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131 (Pruritus) <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Anal Ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131 (Pruritus) Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Anal ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131; an\u00fcs i\u00e7erisinde, deli\u011finde ya da \u00e7evresinde meydana gelen ve \u00e7ok s\u0131k rastlanabilen kronik bir sorundur. Olu\u015fan bu ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131 (pruritus) bir\u00e7ok nedenden kaynaklanabilece\u011fi gibi, baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n sonucunda da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2764\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Anal-Ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131-Pruritus.jpg\" alt=\"Anal Ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131 (Pruritus)\" width=\"485\" height=\"382\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Anal Ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n Nedenleri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Paraziter hastal\u0131klar<\/li>\n<li>K\u0131l Kurdu,<\/li>\n<li>Makat b\u00f6lgesinin taharetlenme sonras\u0131 \u0131slak ve nemli b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Baharatl\u0131 yiyecekler, kafeinli i\u00e7ecekler, s\u00fct-s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, domates, f\u0131nd\u0131k, kabuklu kuruyemi\u015f gibi besinlerin \u00e7ok\u00e7a t\u00fcketilmesi,<\/li>\n<li>Dar k\u0131yafetler, i\u00e7 \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131rlar\u0131 giymek an\u00fcs b\u00f6lgesinin hava almas\u0131n\u0131 engellemesi,<\/li>\n<li>Hijyen eksikli\u011fi yetersiz temizlik nedeniyle idrar ve d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n cildi tahri\u015f etmesi,<\/li>\n<li>A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 temizlik tak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 sonucunda an\u00fcs etraf\u0131nda cilt \u00fczerindeki koruyucu salg\u0131y\u0131 kald\u0131rarak makat etraf\u0131 hassas hassas hale gerek daha \u00e7ok ka\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Alerjik reaksiyonlar,<\/li>\n<li>Psikolojik nedenler ( stres, anksiyete, depresyon sonucu olu\u015fan cilt hastal\u0131klar\u0131)<\/li>\n<li>B\u00fct\u00fcn bu sebeplerin yan\u0131nda baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n sonucunda da anal ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilmektedir. Bu hastal\u0131klar: hemoroidal hastal\u0131k, anal fiss\u00fcr, Crohn hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi sebeplerdir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Anal Ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n Di\u011fer Nedenleri:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Makat etraf\u0131ndaki si\u011filler,<\/li>\n<li>Cilt Kanseri,<\/li>\n<li>Uyuz hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Mantar enfeksiyonu<\/li>\n<li>Sedef ve egzama hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Paraziter solucanlar anal ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n bir di\u011fer nedenlerdir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Anal Ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n Belirtileri Nelerdir? <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>En fazla g\u00f6r\u00fclen belirti, ba\u011f\u0131rsak hareketleri sonucunda olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r Cildin yap\u0131s\u0131nda olu\u015fan k\u0131zar\u0131kl\u0131k, ak\u0131nt\u0131, cilt derisinin tahri\u015fi ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n belirtilerindendir.<\/p>\n<p>Doktora ba\u015fvurman\u0131z\u0131 gerektirecek belirtiler ise:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Anal ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc ise,<\/li>\n<li>Ak\u0131nt\u0131, kanama ve \u00f6zellikle ate\u015f varsa,<\/li>\n<li>K\u0131l kurdu bulunuyorsa doktora g\u00f6r\u00fcnmek gereklidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Tan\u0131 Ne \u015eekildedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tan\u0131lamak i\u00e7in muayenenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra anal ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131ya sebep olan hastal\u0131klar\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in: Anoskopi, rektoskopi, sigmoidoskopi, kolonoskopi, d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 analizi, deri biyopsisi ya da alerji testi gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli tan\u0131 y\u00f6ntemleri kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Tedavi S\u00fcreci <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Tedavide ilk olarak anal ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131ya sebep olabilecek parazit hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131ya sebep olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu a\u015famada: gaita tetkiki, kan testleri, anoskopi, nadiren kolonoskopik de\u011ferlendirme, deri biyopsisi gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli tetkikler uygulanabilmektedir.\u00a0 Anal ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131ya sebebiyet veren bu t\u00fcr bir hastal\u0131k belirlenmedi\u011fi takdirde tedavi y\u00f6ntemleri \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc olarak uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Bu tedavileri aras\u0131nda;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131ya sebebiyet veren baz\u0131 yiyeceklerin t\u00fcketilmedi\u011fi ki\u015fiye \u00f6zel diyetler,<\/li>\n<li>Banyo ve gerekli hijyenik bak\u0131mlar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Pomat uygulamas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Mantar tedavisi,<\/li>\n<li>Metilen mavisi enjeksiyonu gibi uygulamalar bulunuyor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tedavide steroid i\u00e7eren \/ kortizonlu kremler \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli kullan\u0131labilmekte ayr\u0131ca \u00e7inko-oksitli pomatlardan da yararlan\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rektum Kanseri Rektum Kanseri Nedir? Kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n makata yak\u0131n olan ilk 12 cm olan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne rektum ad\u0131 verilir ve bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmden kaynaklanan k\u00f6t\u00fc huylu t\u00fcm\u00f6rlere rektum kanseri denir. 35 ya\u015ftan itibaren s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artmakla birlikte en s\u0131k 50 ya\u015ftan sonra rastlan\u0131r. Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda en s\u0131k rastlanan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kanser tipi ve \u00f6l\u00fcme yol a\u00e7an kanserler aras\u0131nda ikinci [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":168,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"portfolio_category":[392],"portfolio_tag":[481,477,482,479,480,478,484,483,375],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.5 (Yoast SEO v18.4.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Rektal Hastal\u0131klar - Turkey Istanbul Medical<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n makata yak\u0131n olan ilk 12 cm olan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne rektum ad\u0131 verilir ve bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmden kaynaklanan k\u00f6t\u00fc huylu t\u00fcm\u00f6rlere rektum kanseri denir\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/rektal-hastaliklar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rektal Hastal\u0131klar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kal\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n makata yak\u0131n olan ilk 12 cm olan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne rektum ad\u0131 verilir ve bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmden kaynaklanan k\u00f6t\u00fc huylu t\u00fcm\u00f6rlere rektum kanseri denir\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/rektal-hastaliklar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Turkey Istanbul Medical\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-05-19T20:22:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Rectal-Diseases.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1954\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1535\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"28 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Turkey Istanbul Medical\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/\",\"sameAs\":[],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/#logo\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr-TR\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/cropped-TIM-1-1-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/cropped-TIM-1-1-1.png\",\"width\":394,\"height\":324,\"caption\":\"Turkey Istanbul Medical\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/#logo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/\",\"name\":\"Turkey Istanbul Medical\",\"description\":\"Healthcare consulting - 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