{"id":302,"date":"2019-08-23T12:13:58","date_gmt":"2019-08-23T12:13:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/?post_type=portfolio&#038;p=302"},"modified":"2021-09-25T11:44:32","modified_gmt":"2021-09-25T11:44:32","slug":"kalp-hastaliklari","status":"publish","type":"portfolio","link":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/kalp-hastaliklari\/","title":{"rendered":"Kalp Hastal\u0131klar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"Koroner_Arter_Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Koroner Arter Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Koroner arter hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (kalp damar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131), en s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kalp hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor.\u00a0 Olu\u015fturdu\u011fu hayati riskleriyle dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Zaman\u0131nda fark edilmez ve \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmazsa, kalp krizine gidecek bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ya\u015fanabiliyor. Erken tan\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirilen ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n olu\u015fma riskini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3406\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/kroner-arter.jpg\" alt=\"Koroner Arter Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131\" width=\"750\" height=\"402\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Koroner Arterler Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Kalbiniz devaml\u0131 pompa i\u015flevi g\u00f6rerek t\u00fcm v\u00fccudunuzun kan ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu i\u015fi yapmak i\u00e7in kalbin kendisi de oksijen y\u00f6n\u00fcnden zengin kana ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyor. Bu kan, kalbinize koroner arterler yoluyla ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. K\u0131saca kalbinizin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, koroner arterler taraf\u0131ndan sunulan kana ba\u011fl\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Koroner arterleri, kalpten t\u00fcm v\u00fccuda kan da\u011f\u0131tan ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck damar olan aortun ilk dallar\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilirsiniz. Sol koroner arter ve sa\u011f koroner arter, daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dallara ayr\u0131larak kalbin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc besliyorlar.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 Bir Arter<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Bir koroner arterin i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyi sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011funda kan, bu damardan rahatl\u0131kla ak\u0131yor. Bu da kalbinizin ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu oksijen ile beslenmesini sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Aktivite durumunda sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 arterler kalbin artan ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 rahatl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131layabiliyorlar.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Hasar G\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f Bir Arter <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Arterin i\u00e7 tabakas\u0131 y\u00fcksek kolesterol, y\u00fcksek kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 ya da sigaradan dolay\u0131 zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olabiliyor. Bu durum arter duvar\u0131nda plak olu\u015fumu (ya\u011fl\u0131 maddeler ve kalsiyum birikimi) ile sonu\u00e7lan\u0131yor. Bu nedenle kan eskisi gibi rahatl\u0131kla akam\u0131yor. \u0130\u015fte bu durum, koroner arter hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Daralm\u0131\u015f Bir Arter<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Plak olu\u015fumu artt\u0131k\u00e7a arter daha da daral\u0131yor ve kalp kas\u0131na olan kan ak\u0131m\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede azal\u0131yor. Kalpte oksijen a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fuyor ki, bu da g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na neden olabiliyor.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>T\u0131kal\u0131 Bir Arter <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Daralm\u0131\u015f olan arterin bir p\u0131ht\u0131 ile tam olarak t\u0131kand\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda bir kalp ata\u011f\u0131 (miyokard enfarkt\u00fcs\u00fc) ge\u00e7iriliyor. Oksijen y\u00f6n\u00fcnden zengin kan yoklu\u011funda o b\u00f6lgedeki kalp kaslar\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak hasar g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Nedenleri<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Koroner arter hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, kalbi besleyen damarlar olan koroner arterlerin duvar\u0131nda kolesterol i\u00e7erikli ya\u011fl\u0131 plaklar\u0131n birikerek y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde damar\u0131 t\u0131kamas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Damar duvar\u0131ndaki ya\u011f birikim s\u00fcrecine \u201cateroskleroz\u201d\u00a0 denir. Ateroskleroz ile kalp damar\u0131n\u0131n giderek t\u0131kanmas\u0131 kalp kas\u0131n\u0131n oksijensiz kalmas\u0131na ve uzun vadede kalp yetersizli\u011fine yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3410\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/kroner.jpg\" alt=\"Koroner Arter Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Tedavi Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Kalp damar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 te\u015fhisi konan hastalara 3 farkl\u0131 tedavi y\u00f6ntemi uygulan\u0131yor. Bunlar ila\u00e7 tedavisi, perk\u00fctan koroner giri\u015fimler ve a\u00e7\u0131k ameliyatt\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7erisinden en uygun tedavi \u015fekline hasta ve doktor birlikte karar veriyor.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u0130la\u00e7 Tedavisi<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Kalp damar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 te\u015fhis edilmemi\u015f (birincil koruma) ve edilmi\u015f (ikincil koruma) hastalarda ila\u00e7 tedavisi farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steriyor. Her hastas\u0131n\u0131n her g\u00fcn 100-300 mg aspirin kullanmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Ancak her sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bireye aspirin kullanmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilmiyor. Yaln\u0131zca sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 birey olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k kalp krizi ge\u00e7irme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczde 6\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u00e7\u0131kan ki\u015filerin de aspirin kullanmas\u0131 \u00f6neriliyor.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Koroner Anjiyoplasti ve Stent Uygulamalar\u0131 <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Damarlar\u0131ndaki yerel daralmalar\u0131n cerrahi olmayan bir yol ile a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015flemine koroner anjiyoplasti (balonla damar a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131) ad\u0131 veriliyor.<\/p>\n<p>Kas\u0131k atardamarlar\u0131ndan girilerek, kalbin damarlar\u0131na do\u011fru itilip buraya yerle\u015ftirilen \u2018k\u0131lavuz tel\u2019 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla s\u00f6n\u00fck durumdaki balon, bu k\u0131lavuz tel \u00fczerinden kayd\u0131r\u0131larak darl\u0131\u011f\u0131n oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015ftiriliyor ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan verilen bas\u0131n\u00e7la \u015fi\u015firilip kalp damar\u0131 t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oluyor.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Bypass<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Koroner arter bypass cerrahisi, t\u0131kal\u0131 veya daralm\u0131\u015f olan arter k\u0131sm\u0131n \u00f6tesinde ba\u015fka bir yol olu\u015fturarak, kalbin yeniden beslenmesine olanak tan\u0131yor. Birden fazla t\u0131kal\u0131 damar durumunda birden fazla bypass i\u015flemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriliyor. Bypass yapmak \u00fczere kullan\u0131lacak damar ya da di\u011fer ad\u0131yla greftler g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs veya\u00a0 bacaktan al\u0131narak t\u0131kal\u0131 koroner artere ba\u011flan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Minimal \u0130nvaziv Y\u00f6ntemler<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Minimal invaziv bir teknik olan endoskopik cerrahide, \u00f6zel endoskopik cihazlar ile g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs b\u00f6lgesine a\u00e7\u0131lan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kesilerin i\u00e7erisinden a\u00e7\u0131k kalp operasyonlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebiliyor. Ameliyat s\u0131ras\u0131nda cerrahi enstr\u00fcmanlar, tamamen cerrah\u0131n kendi kontrol\u00fcnde oluyor.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Robotik Cerrahi <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Ameliyat ama\u00e7l\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir robot, cerrahlar\u0131n y\u00f6nlendirmesi sonucunda operasyonu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyor. Robotik cerrahinin endoskopik cerrahiden temel fark\u0131, cerrah\u0131n bir monit\u00f6rden izleyerek robotun kollar\u0131n\u0131 uzaktan kumanda ederek \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Mitral_Kapak_Hastal\u0131klar\u0131\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Mitral Kapak Hastal\u0131klar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Kalbimizin 4 kapa\u011f\u0131 var. G\u00fcn boyu dinlenmeden a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapan\u0131yor. Ancak yeterli a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya da kapanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden oluyor. \u00dcstelik hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda bazen hi\u00e7bir belirti vermeyebiliyor. Y\u0131llarca bu sorunlarla ya\u015fayan ama haberi olmayan pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi bulunuyor.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3414\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Mitral-Valve-Diseases.png\" alt=\"Mitral Kapak Hastal\u0131klar\u0131\" width=\"750\" height=\"562\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Belirtiler<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kapak hastal\u0131klar\u0131nda \u015fikayetler, hangi kapakta sorun oldu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6steriyor. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n erken d\u00f6nemlerinde ki\u015finin hi\u00e7 yak\u0131nmas\u0131 olmayabiliyor. Kapak rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a, ki\u015fide bulgular ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Bunlar genel olarak;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c7abuk yorulma,<\/li>\n<li>Halsizlik,<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7arp\u0131nt\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>T\u0131kanma hissi,<\/li>\n<li>Nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00fccutta s\u0131v\u0131 toplanmas\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesi olan ayaklarda \u015fi\u015flik ile kendini belli ediyor. Baz\u0131 kapak hastal\u0131klar\u0131nda ise ba\u015f d\u00f6nmesi, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, hatta bay\u0131lma yak\u0131nmalar\u0131 da g\u00f6r\u00fclebiliyor.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Tan\u0131 Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kapak hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131s\u0131, bu yak\u0131nmalar ba\u015flamadan, hastan\u0131n herhangi bir nedenle doktora gidip normal muayenesinde kalbi dinlenirken \u00fcf\u00fcr\u00fcm duyulmas\u0131yla tamamen rastlant\u0131sal olarak konabilece\u011fi gibi, yak\u0131nmalar geli\u015fti\u011finde baz\u0131 tan\u0131 y\u00f6ntemleriyle de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labiliyor.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Elektrokardiyografi (EKG)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kalp ritminin \u00e7ekilmesiyle ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Burada kalbin h\u0131z\u0131, d\u00fczenli at\u0131p atmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kalbi besleyen damarlarda bir sorun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kapak hastal\u0131klar\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fc baz\u0131 elektriksel de\u011fi\u015fiklikler inceleniyor.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs R\u00f6ntgeni<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kalbin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve akci\u011ferlerin durumu de\u011ferlendiriliyor.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ekokardiyografi<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kalp ultrasonografisi olan bu y\u00f6ntem, ses dalgalar\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Hastan\u0131n yatarken normal kar\u0131n ultrasonunda oldu\u011fu gibi, g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcne bir jel s\u00fcr\u00fclerek kalbinin i\u00e7ini a\u00e7madan ama a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler elde ediliyor.<\/p>\n<p>Kalbin odac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kalbin yeterli kas\u0131l\u0131p kas\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, duvar kal\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n artm\u0131\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, damar yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve bunlardaki do\u011fumsal anomaliler ve \u00e7aplar\u0131 ile kapaklar\u0131n durumu inceleniyor. Dinleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda duyulan \u00fcf\u00fcr\u00fcmler de\u011ferlendiriliyor.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Kalp Kateterizasyonu<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u00c7o\u011fu zaman gerek kalm\u0131yor. Hasta uyutulmadan yap\u0131lan bir i\u015flem. Kas\u0131ktan ince kateterler yard\u0131m\u0131yla kalp odac\u0131klar\u0131na girilerek yap\u0131l\u0131yor, ameliyat gereken durumlarda buna koroner anjiyografi y\u00f6ntemi ilave edilerek koroner damarlarda sorun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ortaya konuyor.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Tedavi Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Kapak Onar\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kapak onar\u0131m\u0131nda uygulanan y\u00f6ntemler kapak yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen dokular yerle\u015ftirilmesi, kapak dokusunu kesip tamir ederek daha iyi kapanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 veya yap\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan yaprak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 serbestle\u015fmesi olarak \u00f6zetlenebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Her kapak tamir edilemez, bazen onar\u0131m ameliyatlar\u0131 kapak de\u011fi\u015fiminden daha zorlu olabilir. Mitral kapaklar daha s\u0131k tamir edilebilirken aort ve pulmoner kapak s\u0131kl\u0131kla de\u011fi\u015ftirilmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3418\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Mitral-Kapak-Hastal\u0131klar\u01312.png\" alt=\"Mitral Kapak Hastal\u0131klar\u0131\" width=\"800\" height=\"433\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Kalp Kapak De\u011fi\u015fimi<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kapak hastal\u0131klar\u0131 en s\u0131k kapak de\u011fi\u015fim ameliyat\u0131 yolu ile tedavi edilir. Bu ameliyat s\u0131ras\u0131nda hasta olan kapak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p yerine mekanik veya biyolojik kapak konulur:<\/p>\n<p>Biyolojik (biyoprotez) kapaklar s\u0131\u011f\u0131r, domuz veya insan dokusundan yap\u0131l\u0131r. Biyolojik kapak kullan\u0131m\u0131nda kan suland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 gerekmez ancak kapaklar\u0131n ortalama 10-15 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde y\u0131pranarak yeniden ameliyat yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekebilir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan gen\u00e7 ya\u015ftaki hastalar i\u00e7in tercih edilmezler.<\/p>\n<p>Mekanik kapaklar \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu de\u011fi\u015fmeden kullan\u0131labilir ancak bir yandan s\u00fcrekli ciddi kan suland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ila\u00e7 kullanman\u0131z\u0131 gerektirir.<\/p>\n<p>Aort kapa\u011f\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gereken durumlarda alternatif olarak hastan\u0131n kendi kalp zar\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan kalp kapa\u011f\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir. Bu tekni\u011fi ilk defa ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren cerraha ithafen &#8220;Ozaki&#8221; prosed\u00fcr\u00fc olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu y\u00f6ntemle hastan\u0131n kan suland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 kullanmas\u0131na gerek kalmaz. Bunun yan\u0131nda di\u011fer prostetik kapaklarda olu\u015fabilen kapak \u00fczerinde p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fma problemi bu teknikten sonra genellikle g\u00f6zlenmez.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Transkateter Kapak Tedavisi <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Giri\u015fimsel kardiyologlar b\u00fcy\u00fck kan damarlar\u0131 i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7irilen klipsler veya kateterler yard\u0131m\u0131 ile kapaklar\u0131 onarabilmekte veya de\u011fi\u015ftirebilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Mitral kapakta ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 olan hastalara \u201cmitra klip\u201d ad\u0131 verilen y\u00f6ntem ile kapak\u00e7\u0131klar u\u00e7lar\u0131ndan bir mandal ile tutturularak kan\u0131n geriye ka\u00e7mas\u0131 engellenir. Mitra klip y\u00f6nteminde hastalar\u0131n iyile\u015fme s\u00fcresi cerrahi ge\u00e7iren hastalara g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha k\u0131sad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>TAVI<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Son zamanlardaki g\u00fcncel kapak uygulamas\u0131 aort kapaklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik uygulanan transkateter aort kapak replasman\u0131 (TAVI) uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu y\u00f6ntemde kateter yolu ile kas\u0131k damar\u0131ndan girilerek ortas\u0131nda balon, etraf\u0131nda katlanm\u0131\u015f halde yapay kapak bulunan bir kateter daralm\u0131\u015f olan aort kapak seviyesine kadar ilerletilir, kapak d\u00fczeyinde balon \u015fi\u015fireler etraf\u0131ndaki kapa\u011f\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve eski kapa\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirilmesi sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Aort_Kapak_Hastal\u0131klar\u0131\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Aort Kapak Hastal\u0131klar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Aort Nedir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Aort, v\u00fccudumuzda bulunan en b\u00fcy\u00fck atardamar olup sol kalpten \u00e7\u0131kar. Aort damar\u0131, akci\u011ferlerde temizlenmi\u015f oksijen a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin kan\u0131n kalpten v\u00fccut dokular\u0131na pompaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktada bulunur. Kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n merkezinde bulunan bu damarda yeti\u015fkinlerde dakikada ortalama 5 litre kan pompalan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Aort \u00e7\u0131kan aorta, arkus aorta, inen aorta ve abdominal aort olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fur. Abdominal aorta damar\u0131n kar\u0131n b\u00f6lgesindeki k\u0131sm\u0131na verilen isimdir. Aort damar y\u0131rt\u0131lmas\u0131 belirtilerinin \u015fiddet y\u0131rt\u0131lman\u0131n meydana geldi\u011fi damar b\u00f6l\u00fcme g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir. Kalbe daha yak\u0131n olan b\u00f6lgelerde olu\u015fan y\u0131rt\u0131klar \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl olabilen daha \u015fiddetli belirtilerle seyreder.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3422\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Aortic-Valve-Diseases.png\" alt=\"Aort Kapak Hastal\u0131klar\u0131\" width=\"585\" height=\"437\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Aort Kapak Darl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kalbin sol kar\u0131nc\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile yine sol kar\u0131nc\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kan ve t\u00fcm v\u00fccudu besleyen en b\u00fcy\u00fck damar olan aort damar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki kapak aort kapa\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Aort kapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 3 yaprak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bazen do\u011fu\u015ftan 2 yaprak\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131 olabilir. Aort darl\u0131klar\u0131 genellikle uzun s\u00fcre belirti vermez. \u0130lk belirti eforla \u00e7abuk yorulmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Aort kapak alan\u0131 belirli bir de\u011ferin alt\u0131na inerse hastan\u0131n \u015fikayetleri ba\u015flar. \u0130leri aort kapak darl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, ba\u015f d\u00f6nmesi, bay\u0131lma gibi belirtiler g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve bu a\u015famadan sonra hemen tedavi edilmezse hastan\u0131n hayati tehlikesi olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksektir, hasta 1 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde kaybedilebilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ciddi Aort Darl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Aort kapa\u011f\u0131n kire\u00e7lenip deforme olmas\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7ta ileri derecede daralmas\u0131, iyi a\u00e7\u0131lamaz duruma gelmesidir. Bu durum kalbin kan\u0131 t\u00fcm v\u00fccuda pompalarken \u00e7ok daralm\u0131\u015f bir kapa\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7meye zorlamas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile kalp kas\u0131 daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zorlanma ve y\u00fck alt\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, zaman i\u00e7inde kalp kas\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na ve daha ileri a\u015famada zay\u0131flayarak yetmez duruma girmesine neden olabilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Aort Darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Neden Olur?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>S\u0131kl\u0131kla ya\u015fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak aort kapak \u00fczerinde y\u0131pranma ve kire\u00e7 birikintilerinin yerle\u015fmesi ile kapa\u011f\u0131n daralmas\u0131 ve hareketlerini k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 \u015feklinde geli\u015fir. Romatizmal ate\u015f ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f olmas\u0131, radyoterapi, y\u00fcksek kolesterol hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fimini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Aort Darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Olan Hastada Hangi Belirtiler Olur?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcste s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma hissi,<\/li>\n<li>Fenal\u0131k hissi ve yorucu i\u015f sonras\u0131 bay\u0131lma,<\/li>\n<li>Dengesizlik,<\/li>\n<li>Halsizlik,<\/li>\n<li>Nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7arp\u0131nt\u0131 yak\u0131nmalar\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Aort Darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tan\u0131s\u0131 Nas\u0131l Konulur?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Hastan\u0131n yak\u0131nmalar\u0131 nedeni ile yap\u0131lan muayenede; doktorun kalpte \u00fcf\u00fcr\u00fcm duymas\u0131 ve \u00f6n testler ard\u0131ndan ekokardiyografi ve gerekirse kalp kateterizasyonu ve anjiyografi ile kesin tan\u0131 konulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Aort Darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Nas\u0131l Tedavi Edilir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Aort kapakta y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde olu\u015fan kire\u00e7lenmi\u015f darl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ila\u00e7 tedavisi ile d\u00fczeltilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Ancak aort kapak hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na ikincil olarak geli\u015fen kalp yetersizli\u011fi, ritm bozuklu\u011fu, p\u0131ht\u0131 olu\u015fum riskine y\u00f6nelik yard\u0131mc\u0131 ila\u00e7 tedavileri yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Aort darl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tedavisi; cerrahi olarak ve kateter yolu ile yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3426\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Aort-Kapak-Hastal\u0131klar\u01312.jpg\" alt=\"Aort Kapak Hastal\u0131klar\u0131\" width=\"3893\" height=\"2190\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Aort Darl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Cerrahi Tedavisi<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kalp kapak ameliyatlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 aort darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Aort kapa\u011f\u0131n cerrahi tedavisi 40 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir zamand\u0131r tercih edilen tedavi y\u00f6ntemidir. Bu y\u00f6ntem; a\u00e7\u0131k kalp ameliyat\u0131 ile hasta ve kire\u00e7lenmi\u015f kapa\u011f\u0131n, metal ya da biyolojik doku kapak ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesidir. Biyolojik doku kapaklar ileri ya\u015ftaki hastalarda daha \u00e7ok tercih edilmektedir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Aort Protez Kapak Ameliyat\u0131 Riskli Midir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Ola\u011fan \u015fartlarda, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck risk grubundaki ve 70 ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki hastalarda bu ameliyat\u0131n %1 civar\u0131nda hayati riski vard\u0131r. \u0130leri ya\u015f grubu ve t\u00fcm ameliyat olan hastalar birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde bu oran %4 olarak bildirilmektedir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u201cTAVI\u201d Kateter Y\u00f6ntemi \u0130le Aort Kapak Yerle\u015ftirilmesi Y\u00f6ntemi Nedir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Y\u0131pranmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 ileri ya\u015ftaki aort darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hastalar\u0131nda, e\u015flik eden di\u011fer hastal\u0131klar nedeni ile riskli gruba giren ve a\u00e7\u0131k kalp ameliyat\u0131 y\u00fcksek riskli bulunan hastalarda yeni bir tedavi y\u00f6ntemi olarak geli\u015ftirilen TAVI (Kateter Y\u00f6ntemi ile Aort Kapak Yerle\u015ftirilmesi) 2005 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Aort_Anevrizmas\u0131\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Aort Anevrizmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Aort Anevrizmas\u0131 Nedir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Aort anevrizmas\u0131, en basit anlat\u0131m\u0131yla bir atardamarda, damar \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n normalden %50 daha fazla geni\u015flemesine yol a\u00e7an bir cins balonla\u015fma olarak tarif edilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Anevrizmalar, olu\u015ftuklar\u0131 yere g\u00f6re \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 nedenlerden kaynaklanabilir. Genellikle y\u00fcksek tansiyon, kire\u00e7lenme, baz\u0131 enfeksiyonlar ve ba\u011f dokusu hastal\u0131klar\u0131 anevrizma nedenleri aras\u0131nda say\u0131labilir. Baz\u0131 grup anevrizmalarda genetik fakt\u00f6rlerin etkisi b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Kromozomlardaki bozukluklardan kaynaklanan damar duvar\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n normal kuvvetinde olmamas\u0131 bu tip anevrizmalara \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3430\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Aort-Anevrizmas\u0131.jpg\" alt=\"Aort Anevrizmas\u0131\" width=\"485\" height=\"312\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Aort Anevrizmas\u0131n\u0131n Nedenleri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>1- Y\u00fcksek tansiyona ba\u011fl\u0131 olu\u015fan dejenerasyon:\u00a0 <\/strong>Anevrizma olu\u015fmas\u0131nda tek ba\u015f\u0131na y\u00fcksek tansiyonun etkili oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek elbette m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.\u00a0 Y\u00fcksek tansiyon hastas\u0131 pek \u00e7ok insanda anevrizma olu\u015fmuyor. Ancak eldeki veriler anevrizma ya\u015fayan hastalar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcksek tansiyon hastas\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2- Dejenerasyon ve inflamasyon<\/strong> dedi\u011fimiz damar duvar\u0131 i\u00e7inde meydana gelen yap\u0131sal reaksiyonlar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3- Damar duvar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu\u015ftan zay\u0131f olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 genetik bozukluklar:<\/strong>\u00a0 Buna ba\u011f dokusu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fin marfan gibi yap\u0131sal hastal\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6sterebiliriz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4- Sigara:<\/strong> \u00d6zellikle b\u00f6brek damarlar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki anevrizma geli\u015fimi ile sigaran\u0131n do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilimsel bir ger\u00e7ektir. Sigara i\u00e7menin kar\u0131n i\u00e7indeki anevrizmalarla ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok kuvvetlidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5- Ya\u015f:<\/strong> Anevrizma olu\u015fumunda ya\u015f\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc var. \u00d6zellikle kar\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde olu\u015fan anevrizmalar, genellikle 65 ya\u015f \u00fczerinde s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Anevrizmalar e\u011fer ki\u015fide bir ba\u011f dokusu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoksa genellikle ileri ya\u015flarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Aort Anevrizmas\u0131n\u0131n Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Anevrizmalar genellikle \u00f6nceden belirti vermezler ama bazen bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131 bulgularla kendilerini hissettirebilirler. Kar\u0131n i\u00e7erisindeki aort anevrizmalar\u0131n\u0131n, e\u011fer bir tarama yap\u0131lmad\u0131ysa, ilk bulgusu aort y\u0131rt\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015feklinde olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kar\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde bele do\u011fru yay\u0131lan devaml\u0131 ve rahats\u0131z edici bir a\u011fr\u0131 veya kar\u0131n b\u00f6lgesinde d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen bir titreme, hasta elini koydu\u011funda karn\u0131na bir top vuruyormu\u015f gibi bir his olabilir. G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs i\u00e7indeki anevrizmalarda sadece g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 veya s\u0131rta do\u011fru vuran g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclebildi\u011fi gibi, e\u011fer anevrizma s\u0131rt\u0131n inen damarlar\u0131nda ise ses k\u0131s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bile neden olabilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Aort Anevrizmas\u0131 Tan\u0131s\u0131 Nas\u0131l Konulur?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Geli\u015fen t\u0131p teknolojileri ile anevrizman\u0131n tan\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 koymak art\u0131k \u00e7ok kolayla\u015ft\u0131. Fizik muayene sonras\u0131nda da \u00f6zellikle zay\u0131f hastalarda kar\u0131n i\u00e7erisindeki anevrizmalar\u0131n tan\u0131s\u0131 konulabiliyor. Ama tabii ki, bu kesin bir sonu\u00e7 olarak kabul edilemez. Anevrizman\u0131n oldu\u011fu noktaya g\u00f6re, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs i\u00e7erisindeki aortta ise tan\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda r\u00f6ntgen ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131labilir. Sadece r\u00f6ntgen filmi ile aorttaki geni\u015fleme g\u00f6zlemlenebilir. En yayg\u0131n olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z te\u015fhis y\u00f6ntemi ise ses dalgalar\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ultrason y\u00f6ntemidir. Kalpte kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda &#8216;ekokardiyografi&#8217;, kar\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda &#8216;bat\u0131n ultrasonografisi&#8217; diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu cihazla anevrizma te\u015fhis edilebilir. Ultrasonun sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha ileri tetkiklere de gidilebilir. Bu tetkiklerde tomografik de\u011ferlendirme, bazen MR, bazen de anjiyografi ile te\u015fhisi netle\u015ftirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Aort Anevrizmas\u0131n\u0131n Tedavisi Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r? <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Tedavi karar\u0131 i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli veri, anevrizman\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve yerle\u015fim yeridir. Anevrizmaya, yerle\u015fim yerine ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 tedavi y\u00f6ntemleri uygulan\u0131r. Yeri, b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, hastan\u0131n herhangi bir \u015fik\u00e2yeti olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedavinin \u015feklini etkiler.<\/p>\n<p>Aortadaki anevrizma \u00e7ap\u0131 5.5 veya alt\u0131 santim civar\u0131na eri\u015ftiyse ve hastan\u0131n ba\u015fka bir ba\u011f dokusu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoksa tedavi ya da giri\u015fimsel tedavi s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na girer. Kar\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde yerle\u015fen anevrizmalarda da genellikle 5.5 cm.&#8217;den itibaren tedavi uygulan\u0131r. S\u0131rttan arkaya do\u011fru inen aort \u00fczerinde geli\u015fen anevrizmada ise damar\u0131n \u00e7ap\u0131 alt\u0131 santimetreye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tedavi edilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00fcdahale s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda olan anevrizmalarda iki tedavi y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3434\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Aortic-Aneurysm.jpg\" alt=\"Aort Anevrizmas\u0131\" width=\"590\" height=\"290\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>1-Endovask\u00fcler y\u00f6ntem: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A\u00e7\u0131k ameliyat olmadan, damar i\u00e7erisine yerle\u015ftirilen kateterler ve bunlar \u00fczerinde ilerletilen stent ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fimiz greflerin anevrizma i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirilmesi ve kapat\u0131lmas\u0131yla uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kas\u0131k i\u00e7erisinden veya damar i\u00e7erisinden girerek stent yerle\u015ftirilen, endovask\u00fcler i\u015flemler \u00f6zellikle ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 10 sene i\u00e7erisinde s\u0131kl\u0131kla uygulanan y\u00f6ntemlerdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc endovask\u00fcler i\u015flemler a\u00e7\u0131k cerrahi ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle belli alanlarda \u00f6nemli avantajlar sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2-A\u00e7\u0131k cerrahi i\u015flemler:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Endovask\u00fcler i\u015flemlerle k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck operasyonlard\u0131r. Her ne kadar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde a\u00e7\u0131k cerrahi i\u015flemleri de daha ufak kesilerle yap\u0131l\u0131yor olsa da, a\u00e7\u0131k cerrahi endovask\u00fcler i\u015flemlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck operasyonlar olarak alg\u0131lan\u0131r. Ama\u00e7, hastal\u0131kl\u0131 olan anevrizma b\u00f6lgesini tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rmak ve yerine suni damar koyarak devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. V\u00fccutta aort gibi ba\u015fka b\u00fcy\u00fck bir damar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in mecburen yapay damar konulur. Polyester, PTF, Dakon tarz\u0131 grefler kullanarak anevrizmalar devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Atriyal_Septal_Defekt_ASD\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Atriyal Septal Defekt (ASD) <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Kalbin kulak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki duvarda a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k olmas\u0131na verilen add\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu y\u00fczden temiz kan\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 sa\u011f kalbe ge\u00e7er. Akci\u011fere giden kan\u0131n artmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde akci\u011fer damarlar\u0131nda ve kalpte b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye yol a\u00e7arak zarara sebep olabilir.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3438\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ASD-606x455-2secB.gif\" alt=\"Atrial Septal Defekt (ASD)\" width=\"606\" height=\"454\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Atriyal Septal Defekt (ASD) Tan\u0131s\u0131 Nas\u0131l Konur?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Genellikle uzun y\u0131llar hi\u00e7bir belirti vermez. Hatta doktora fazla gitmemi\u015f ki\u015filerde tan\u0131n\u0131n 30-60 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar konulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Bu hastal\u0131ktan, ancak ba\u015fka bir nedenle doktora gidildi\u011finde, kalpte \u00fcf\u00fcr\u00fcm ve baz\u0131 ek seslerin duyulmas\u0131 veya r\u00f6ntgende kalp b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi ile ku\u015fkulan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Atriyal Septal Defekt (ASD) Tedavisi Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Atriyal Septal Defekt (ASD) tedavisinde deli\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tedavinin zaman\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Kendili\u011finden kapanmayan, akci\u011fer atardamar\u0131nda bas\u0131n\u00e7 y\u00fckselmesi tehlikesi olan a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar genellikle 3-6 ya\u015flar\u0131nda, yani \u00e7ocuk okula ba\u015flamadan kapat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ameliyat s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131nda genellikle problem olu\u015fmaz. G\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcn orta k\u0131sm\u0131nda ameliyata ait bir iz kal\u0131r. Bu izin daha az g\u00f6r\u00fclen yerlerde olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, de\u011fi\u015fik ameliyat se\u00e7enekleri de vard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 hastalarda a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kateterle kapatma y\u00f6ntemi de uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Atriyal Septal Defekt (ASD) Olan Hastalarda \u0130leriye D\u00f6n\u00fck Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Gerekenler Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Atriyal Septal Defekt (ASD) olan \u00e7ocuklarda genellikle kalpte ilave bir hastal\u0131k yoksa Amerikan Kardiyoloji Derne\u011finin en son \u00f6neri kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ameliyat, s\u00fcnnet, di\u015f \u00e7ekimi ve dolgusu gibi baz\u0131 giri\u015fimler \u00f6ncesinde endokardite (kalbin i\u00e7 tabakas\u0131n\u0131n iltihab\u0131) kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu tedaviye ihtiya\u00e7 g\u00f6stermezler.<\/p>\n<p>Ancak ameliyat ya da kateter y\u00f6ntemi ile tedavi sonras\u0131nda ilk 6 ay koruyucu tedavi almalar\u0131 \u00f6nerilmektedir. Hastalar\u0131n beklenmedik komplikasyonlardan korunabilmeleri i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 y\u0131ll\u0131k aral\u0131klarla doktor kontrol\u00fcnde olmalar\u0131 gerekir. Daha seyrek aral\u0131klarla olmak \u00fczere, bu ameliyat olmu\u015f hastalar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Ventrik\u00fcler_Septal_Defekt_VSD\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Ventrik\u00fcler Septal Defekt (VSD)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Ventrik\u00fcler Septal Defekt (VSD) Nedir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kalp anatomik olarak iki kulak\u00e7\u0131k ve iki kar\u0131nc\u0131k olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt odac\u0131ktan olu\u015fur. Kalpteki kar\u0131c\u0131klar aras\u0131ndaki kan\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015fini engelleyen duvarda do\u011fumsal nedenli defekte ba\u011fl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k olmas\u0131na ventrik\u00fcler septal defekt denir.<\/p>\n<p>Bundan dolay\u0131 sol kulak\u00e7\u0131ktaki temiz kan\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 sa\u011f kalbe ge\u00e7i\u015f yapar. Sol kulak\u00e7\u0131kta kan bas\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fcksektir ve sa\u011f kulak\u00e7\u0131\u011fa y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7ta kan ge\u00e7i\u015fi olur. Y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde akci\u011fere giden kan\u0131n artmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak akci\u011fer damarlar\u0131 ve kalp kas\u0131nda hasara sebep olabilir.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3442\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Ventricular-Septal-Defect-VSD.jpg\" alt=\"Ventrikular Septal Defekt (VSD)\" width=\"350\" height=\"315\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ventrik\u00fcler Septal Defekt Belirti ve Bulgular<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Genellikle hayat\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnlerinde \u00fcf\u00fcr\u00fcm vermeyen VSD, bebek 1-2 ayl\u0131k olunca steteskopla dinlenirken \u00fcf\u00fcr\u00fcm vermeye ba\u015flar.<\/li>\n<li>VSD k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckse ve yeri kar\u0131nc\u0131klar aras\u0131 b\u00f6lmede tehlikeli bir b\u00f6lgede de\u011filse sadece \u00fcf\u00fcr\u00fcm verir ama belirtiye neden olmaz; bebekte bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131k yapmaz ve \u00e7o\u011fu kez kendili\u011finden kapan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>B\u00fcy\u00fck ve orta boy VSD\u2019ler ise i\u015ftahs\u0131zl\u0131k, b\u00fcy\u00fcme gerili\u011fi, zamanla nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u0131k nefes alma, beslenme g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, beslenirken a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 terleme gibi belirtiler verir.<\/li>\n<li>Bu belirtiler, VSD\u2019nin kendili\u011finden kapanmay\u0131p cerrahi yolla tedavisi gerekece\u011finin g\u00f6stergesi olarak kabul edilir. Bu vakalarda operasyon genellikle ilk 3 ayda yap\u0131larak VSD\u2019nin ba\u015fka komplikasyonlara neden olmas\u0131na engel olunur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Ventrik\u00fcler septal defekt (VSD) tedavisi nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck defektlerde genellikle tedavi gerekmez. Ancak s\u00fcnnet, di\u015f \u00e7ekimi, di\u015f dolgusu, ameliyat gibi baz\u0131 giri\u015fimler \u00f6ncesinde endokardite (kalbin i\u00e7 tabakas\u0131n\u0131n iltihab\u0131) kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu tedaviye ihtiya\u00e7 g\u00f6sterirler.<\/p>\n<p>Orta b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki ve geni\u015f VSD\u2019lerde artm\u0131\u015f akci\u011fer kan ak\u0131m\u0131na ve kalp yetersizli\u011fine ait bulgular\u0131n etkilerinin azalt\u0131labilmesi ve kalbin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeye y\u00f6nelik destekleyici ila\u00e7 tedavisi ile \u00e7ocuk b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcp k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmedi\u011fine bak\u0131l\u0131r. D\u00fczelme saptanmayan hastalarda bu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n cerrahi olarak kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>Kendili\u011finden kapanmayan veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmeyen VSD\u2019lerde cerrahi tedavi i\u00e7in uygun zaman genellikle 1-2 ya\u015f civar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k bir yama ile kapat\u0131l\u0131p, kan ge\u00e7mesi engellenir. Son y\u0131llarda orta b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki VSD\u2019lerin uygun pozisyon ve \u00e7apta olanlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0131pk\u0131 ASD\u2019lerde oldu\u011fu gibi kateter y\u00f6ntemi ile ameliyats\u0131z olarak kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir. ASD kadar yayg\u0131n olmamakla birlikte bu t\u00fcr defektlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n bu y\u00f6ntemle kapat\u0131labilmesi se\u00e7ene\u011fi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ventrik\u00fcler septal defekt (VSD) olan hastada ileriye d\u00f6n\u00fck yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenler nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendili\u011finden kapanma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 defektin yeri, b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve tabiat\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fse de %70-80 gibi y\u00fcksek orandad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte baz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar kapan\u0131rken ba\u015fka problemlere (kapaklarda anatomik ve fonksiyonel bozukluk gibi) yol a\u00e7abilmektedir. Bu nedenle hasta, belli aral\u0131klarla kontrol alt\u0131nda olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya da zamanla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ama tam kapanmam\u0131\u015f ve cerrahi tedavi gereklili\u011fi olmayan hastalarda ameliyat, s\u00fcnnet, di\u015f \u00e7ekimi, di\u015f dolgusu gibi baz\u0131 giri\u015fimler \u00f6ncesinde endokardite (kalbin i\u00e7 tabakas\u0131n\u0131n iltihab\u0131) kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu tedaviye ihtiya\u00e7 g\u00f6sterirler.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Hipertansif_Kalp_Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Hipertansif Kalp Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Hipertansif kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 terimi y\u00fcksek tansiyondan kaynaklanan kalp sorunlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu tek bir hastal\u0131k de\u011fil daha ziyade ayn\u0131 \u015feyden yani kalbin artan bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan bir dizi farkl\u0131 kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Hipertansif kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015funlar\u0131 ve ba\u015fka durumlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir: kalp yetmezli\u011fi, kalp kas\u0131 kal\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve koroner arter hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin koroner kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u00fcksek tansiyon kalbinize kan ve oksijen tedarik eden kan damarlar\u0131n\u0131n daralmas\u0131na neden oldu\u011funda olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n<p>Hipertansif kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehlikeli olabilir ve y\u00fcksek tansiyondan kaynaklanan \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli nedenidir.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-3446\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Hypertensive-Heart-Disease.jpg\" alt=\"Hipertansif Kalp Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131\" width=\"588\" height=\"313\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Tipler<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Genelde, y\u00fcksek tansiyonla ili\u015fkili kalp problemleri kalbin arterleri ve kaslar\u0131yla ilgilidir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Arterlerin Daralmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Koroner arterler kalp kas\u0131n\u0131za kan ta\u015f\u0131rlar. Y\u00fcksek tansiyon kan damarlar\u0131n\u0131n daralmas\u0131na neden olursa kalbe kan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 yava\u015flar ya da durur. Bu durum koroner arter hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 da denilen koroner kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak bilinir. Koroner kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kalbinizin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve di\u011fer organlar\u0131n\u0131za kan tedarik etmesini g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Kalbin Kal\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve B\u00fcy\u00fcmesi<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Y\u00fcksek tansiyon kalbinizin kan pompalamas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 v\u00fccudunuzdaki di\u011fer kaslar gibi, uzun s\u00fcreli zor i\u015f yapmak kalp kaslar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kal\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine neden olur. Bu durum kalbinizin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015feklini de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler genellikle kalbin sol ventrik\u00fcl olarak bilinen ana pompalama odas\u0131nda meydana gelir. Bu duruma sol ventrik\u00fcl hipertrofisi denir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Komplikasyonlar<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Hem koroner kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 hem de sol ventrik\u00fcl hipertrofisi \u015funlara yol a\u00e7abilir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kalbiniz v\u00fccudunuzun geri kalan\u0131na yeterince kan pompalayam\u0131yorsa kalp yetmezli\u011fi<\/li>\n<li>Kalbiniz anormal \u015fekilde at\u0131yorsa aritmi<\/li>\n<li>Kalbiniz yeterli oksijeni alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iskemik kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Kalbe kan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 kesildi\u011finde kalp krizi<\/li>\n<li>Kalbinizin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 aniden durursa, nefes alman\u0131z durursa ve bilincinizi kaybederseniz ani kardiyak arrest<\/li>\n<li>\u0130nme ve ani \u00f6l\u00fcm de meydana gelebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Riskler<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Hipertansif kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ana risk y\u00fcksek tansiyon olsa da fazla kiloluysan\u0131z veya az egzersiz yap\u0131yorsan\u0131z riskiniz artar. Sigara i\u00e7mek ve \u00e7ok ya\u011fl\u0131 yemekler ve kolesterol a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin diyet yemek de riskinizi artt\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Ailenizde de varsa kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na daha meyillisinizdir. Ayr\u0131ca, erkeklerin kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakalanma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kad\u0131nlardan en az\u0131ndan menopoz ya\u015f\u0131na kadar fazlad\u0131r; erkekler ve menopoz sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemdeki kad\u0131nlar e\u015fit risk alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u0130ster erkek ister kad\u0131n olun ya\u015flan\u0131rken kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 riskiniz de artar.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Belirtiler<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Belirtiler durumunun ciddiyeti ve hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n seyrine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir. Hi\u00e7bir belirti ya\u015famayabilirsiniz ya da a\u015fik\u00e2r belirtileriniz olabilir. Kalpten kan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 zay\u0131f oldu\u011funda, en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen belirti g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r (Angina Pektoris).<\/p>\n<p>Di\u011fer belirtiler aras\u0131nda g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcste s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma veya bas\u0131n\u00e7, nefes almakta g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck ve yorgunluk vard\u0131r. Boyun, s\u0131rt, kollar veya omuzlarda a\u011fr\u0131 hissetmek de yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. \u00d6ks\u00fcr\u00fc\u011fe tutulabilirsiniz ve\/veya i\u015ftah kayb\u0131 ya\u015fayabilirsiniz. Ayak veya ayak bile\u011finde \u015fi\u015fme de kalp yetmezli\u011finin bir i\u015fareti olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Kalbiniz aniden h\u0131zl\u0131 veya d\u00fczensiz artmaya ba\u015flad\u0131ysa, acil bak\u0131ma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olabilir. E\u011fer bay\u0131l\u0131rsan\u0131z ya da g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcn\u00fczde \u015fiddetli a\u011fr\u0131 varsa, hemen acil servise gidin.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Testler ve Tan\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Doktorunuz, t\u0131bbi ge\u00e7mi\u015finizi g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irecek, bir fizik muayene yapacak ve b\u00f6brekleriniz, sodyum, potasyum ve kan say\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 laboratuvar testleri yapacakt\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki testlerden bir veya daha fazlas\u0131 belirtilerinizin nedenini saptamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bir elektrokardiyogram, kalbinizin elektriksel aktivitesini izler ve kaydeder. Doktor g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcn\u00fcze, bacaklar\u0131n\u0131za ve kollar\u0131n\u0131za yamalar ba\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7lar ekranda g\u00f6r\u00fcnecek ve doktorunuz bunlar\u0131 yorumlayacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Bir ekokardiyografi, ultrason kullanarak kalbinizin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc al\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Bir koroner anjiyografi, kalp i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en kan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 inceler. Kateter ad\u0131 verilen ince bir t\u00fcp, kol veya kas\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7inden bir arter yoluyla yukar\u0131ya ve kalbe sokulur.<\/li>\n<li>Bir efor testi egzersizin kalbinizi nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fine bakar. Egzersiz bisikletine binmeniz veya bir ko\u015fu band\u0131 \u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fcmeniz istenebilir.<\/li>\n<li>Bir n\u00fckleer stres testi kalbe olan kan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 inceler. Bu test genellikle siz hem dinlenirken hem de egzersiz yaparken uygulan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Tedavi<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Hipertansif kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedavisi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ciddiyeti, ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131z ve t\u0131bbi ge\u00e7mi\u015finize ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u0130la\u00e7<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u0130la\u00e7lar kalbinize \u00e7e\u015fitli yollarla yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Ana hedefleri kan\u0131n p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek, kan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak ve kolesterol\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmektir. S\u0131k kullan\u0131lan kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ila\u00e7lar\u0131 \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tansiyonunuzu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in idrar s\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tedavi etmek i\u00e7in nitratlar<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00fcksek kolesterol tedavisi i\u00e7in statinler<\/li>\n<li>Tansiyonunuzu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek ve kalp taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan oksijen miktar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in beta blok\u00f6rler<\/li>\n<li>Kan p\u0131ht\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in aspirin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00fcm ila\u00e7lar\u0131 daima aynen re\u00e7etede yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kullanmak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ameliyatlar ve Cihazlar<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Daha \u015fiddetli vakalarda, kalbinize kan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ameliyat olman\u0131z gerekebilir.<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fer kalbinizin h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n veya ritminin d\u00fczenlenmesi i\u00e7in yard\u0131m gerekiyorsa doktorunuz g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs veya karn\u0131n\u0131za kalp pili ad\u0131 verilen ve pille \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir cihaz\u0131 cerrahi olarak implante edebilir. Bir kalp pili kalp kas\u0131n\u0131n kas\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olan elektrik stim\u00fclasyonu \u00fcretir. Kalp pilinin implante edilmesi kardiyak kas\u0131n elektrik aktivitesi uygun olmayan bir \u015fekilde yava\u015fsa ya da yoksa \u00f6nemlidir ve yararl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kardiyoverter-defibrilat\u00f6rler (ICD&#8217;ler) ciddi, ya\u015fam\u0131 tehdit eden kardiyak aritmileri tedavi etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan implante edilebilir cihazlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fer durumunuz \u00f6zellikle ciddiyse, kalp nakli veya kalbe yard\u0131mc\u0131 ba\u015fka cihazlar gerekebilir.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Angina_Pectoris\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Anjina Pektoris<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Anjina Pektoris Nedir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kalbi besleyen damarlarda lipid birikimi sonucu meydana gelen darl\u0131klar\u0131n sonucu olarak kalbin beslenmesinde yetersizli\u011fe neden olan bir hastal\u0131k olan anjina pektoris sonucunda g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcste bask\u0131 hissiyle karakterize durumlar g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kanda, kalp kas\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nan oksijenin yetersiz olmas\u0131 sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 olan anjina pektoris, genellikle egzersiz s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya stres zamanlar\u0131nda kendini g\u00f6sterir. Kalbin yo\u011fun \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve daha fazla oksijene gerek duydu\u011fu zamanlarda da olu\u015fur. K\u0131sa s\u00fcreli a\u011fr\u0131lar olu\u015fur, yakla\u015f\u0131k 5-10 dakika s\u00fcrer. A\u011fr\u0131 dinlenildi\u011finde durur fakat istirahat halindeyken de a\u011fr\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi ciddi bir durum oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Nefes al\u0131p vermekle a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekli veya \u015fiddeti de\u011fi\u015fmemektedir.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"size-full wp-image-3450 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Anjina-Pektoris.jpg\" alt=\"Anjina Pektoris\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Anjina Pektoris T\u00fcrleri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Be\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Efor Anjinas\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Vitrin hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak da an\u0131l\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc hastan\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131k s\u0131k durmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>So\u011fuk Anjinas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>So\u011fuk hava damarlarda b\u00fcz\u00fclmeye yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in koroner atardamar\u0131n da etkilenmesi sonucunda olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Heyecan Anjinas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 duygu, kalbin oksijen gereksinimini art\u0131r\u0131r ve koroner atardamar\u0131n bu gereksinime uyum sa\u011flayamamas\u0131 sonucunda olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dinlenme Anjinas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yineleyici ve aral\u0131ks\u0131z n\u00f6betler, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde bir sebep yokken olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yatma Anjinas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6\u011fleden sonra ve gece n\u00f6bet g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Efor anjinas\u0131ndan daha hafif olsa da ondan daha uzun s\u00fcrer ve kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n ani y\u00fckselmesi sonucunda koroner atardamarlar\u0131n kas\u0131lmas\u0131 sebebiyle olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Anjina Pektoris Nedenleri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kalbe kan ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz olmas\u0131 genelde, koroner arterlerin aterokskleroz nedeniyle (yani arter duvarlar\u0131nda ya\u011f birikimleri) darald\u0131\u011f\u0131 koroner arter hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olup di\u011fer nedenler aras\u0131nda \u015funlar yer almaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kan damarlar\u0131n\u0131n aniden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre darald\u0131\u011f\u0131 koroner ater spazm\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Kalbin aort kapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daralm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu aort stenozu<\/li>\n<li>Kardiyak aritmiler (yani anormal kalp ritmleri)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Anjina pektoris a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n nadir g\u00f6r\u00fclen nedenleri aras\u0131nda \u015funlar g\u00f6sterilebilir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kan\u0131n oksijen ta\u015f\u0131ma etkinli\u011fini azaltan a\u011f\u0131r anemi<\/li>\n<li>Kan\u0131 kal\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131ran ve kan\u0131n kalp kas\u0131 boyunca daha yava\u015f akmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an polisitemi.<img class=\"size-full wp-image-3454 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Anjina-Pektoris1.jpg\" alt=\"Anjina Pektoris\" width=\"1072\" height=\"798\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Anjina Pektoris Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u0130lk belirtiler genellikle y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yaparken, \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken vb. s\u0131radan durumlarda aniden olu\u015fur. G\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcn her iki taraf\u0131nda, omuzlarda, kollarda, s\u0131rt ve alt \u00e7enede olu\u015fan a\u011fr\u0131 en tipik belirtileridir. Derin bir i\u00e7 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 da bu a\u011fr\u0131ya e\u015flik eder. Terleme de g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. N\u00f6bet birka\u00e7 ay boyunca tekrar g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyebilir fakat a\u011fr\u0131ya sebep olan ko\u015fullar olu\u015fursa tekrarlar.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 veya nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<li>G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs ortas\u0131nda ba\u015flayan ve kollara, boyna, s\u0131rta, \u00e7eneye ilerleyen a\u011fr\u0131 hissi<\/li>\n<li>Genellikle heyecan, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc ya da fazla yemek sonras\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan fiziksel hareketlerde zorlanma<\/li>\n<li>Sersemlik<\/li>\n<li>Bulant\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Anjina Pektoris Tan\u0131s\u0131 Nas\u0131l Konur?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Ataklar aras\u0131nda normal g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilen bir EKG<\/li>\n<li>Kardiyak stres testi (hasta egzersiz yaparken \u00e7ekilen EKG)<\/li>\n<li>Kan testleri<\/li>\n<li>Koroner anjiyografi (kan damarlar\u0131n\u0131n r\u00f6ntgenle incelenmesi)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Anjina Pektoris Tedavisi Nas\u0131l Olur?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ya\u015fam tarz\u0131na y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131larak tedavi edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve y\u00fckselmi\u015f kan kolesterol d\u00fczeylerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, koruyucu \u00f6nlemler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Ki\u015finin sigaray\u0131 b\u0131rakmas\u0131 ve gerekliyse kilo vermesi de \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>Anjina pektoris ataklar\u0131, kalp kas\u0131nda kan ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131ran nitrat ila\u00e7lar ile \u00f6nlenebilir. Ayr\u0131ca \u015fu ila\u00e7lar da tedavide kullan\u0131labilir:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Beta bloker ila\u00e7lar<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Potasyum kanal aktivat\u00f6rleri<\/li>\n<li>Kalsiyum kanal blokerleri<\/li>\n<li>Lipid d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ila\u00e7lar<\/li>\n<li>Antiplatelet ila\u00e7lar<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0130la\u00e7 tedavisi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n semptomlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na alabilir fakat tedavi edemez.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Kalp_Krizi_Miyokard_\u0130nfarkt\u00fcs\u00fc\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sagligim.gov.tr\/kalp-krizi.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kalp Krizi<\/a> (Miyokard \u0130nfarkt\u00fcs\u00fc)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs kafesinde, g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcn orta \u00e7izgisinden biraz sola do\u011fru bulunan ve hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan kalp, kasl\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir. G\u00fcnde ortalama 100 bin kez kas\u0131larak neredeyse 8000 litre kan\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131ma pompalayan organ\u0131n erkeklerde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 340 gram, kad\u0131nlarda ise 300-320 gram kadard\u0131r. Kalp yap\u0131s\u0131nda olu\u015fan herhangi bir bozukluk nedeniyle kalp kapak hastal\u0131klar\u0131, kalp kas\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131, koroner kalp hastal\u0131klar\u0131, kalbin iltihabi hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve kalp krizi geli\u015febilir.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"size-full wp-image-3458 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Kalp-Krizi-Miyokard-\u0130nfarkt\u00fcs\u00fc1.jpg\" alt=\"Kalp Krizi (Miyokard \u0130nfarkt\u00fcs\u00fc)\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Kalp Krizi Nedir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kalbi besleyen atardamarlarda geli\u015fen herhangi bir ani t\u0131kanma kalp kas\u0131n\u0131n yeterince oksijen alamamas\u0131na neden olarak kalp dokusunda hasara yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n<p>Kalbe kan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sorumlu olan atardamar duvarlar\u0131nda ya\u011f ve kolesterol gibi maddeler birikir ve plak olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan yap\u0131lar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Plaklar zaman i\u00e7inde \u00e7o\u011falarak damar\u0131 daralt\u0131r ve \u00fczerlerinde \u00e7atlaklar olu\u015fur. Bu \u00e7atlaklarda meydana gelen p\u0131ht\u0131lar damarlar\u0131 t\u0131kayarak kalp krizine neden olur. Zaman\u0131nda ve do\u011fru bir m\u00fcdahale yap\u0131larak damar a\u00e7\u0131lmazsa kalp dokusu kayb\u0131 meydana gelir. Kay\u0131p, kalbin pompalama g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc azalt\u0131r ve kalp yetmezli\u011fi olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Kalp Krizinin Belirtileri Nelerdir? <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kalp krizinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen en temel kalp krizi belirtisi kalp a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 olarak tabir edilen g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs duvar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131nda hissedilen a\u011fr\u0131 sanki g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs kafesine biri oturmu\u015f hissi veren a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ve bask\u0131 yap\u0131c\u0131 tarzda k\u00fcnt bir a\u011fr\u0131d\u0131r. Bat\u0131yor hissi vermeyen a\u011fr\u0131 hareketle ya da nefes al\u0131p verme ile art\u0131\u015f ya da azalma g\u00f6stermez. Sol kola, boyuna, omuzlara, kar\u0131n, \u00e7ene ve s\u0131rta yay\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>Genel olarak 10-15 dakika kadar s\u00fcrer. Dinlenmek ya da koroner damarlar\u0131 geni\u015fleten ila\u00e7 kullanmak a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flar. Kalp krizinin di\u011fer belirtileri aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 hissi, ba\u015f d\u00f6nmesi, mide bulant\u0131s\u0131, nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kolay yorulma ve kalp ritim bozuklu\u011fu da yer al\u0131r. Kalp a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, bazen daralan b\u00f6lgelerde olu\u015fan de\u011fi\u015fikliklere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak istirahat halindeyken de ya\u015fanabilir ve a\u011fr\u0131 ilaca cevap vermeyebilir. Daha uzun s\u00fcren bu tarz kalp a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 daha kolay kalp krizine neden olabilece\u011finden \u00e7ok daha tehlikelidir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Kalp Krizi Nedenleri<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Sigara i\u00e7mek kalp krizi riskini art\u0131ran en \u00f6nemli nedendir. Sigara i\u00e7en erkek ve kad\u0131nlarda kalp krizi g\u00f6r\u00fclme oran\u0131 nerdeyse 3 kat daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Kanda k\u00f6t\u00fc kolesterol olarak tan\u0131mlanan LDL oran\u0131 ne kadar y\u00fcksekse kalp krizi ge\u00e7irme riski de o kadar y\u00fcksektir<\/li>\n<li>\u015eeker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kalp krizi riskini art\u0131ran \u00f6nemli bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Kan damarlar\u0131ndaki bas\u0131nc\u0131n artmas\u0131 yani tansiyonun y\u00fckselmesi kalp krizi riskini %50 oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Ya\u015f ile birlikte damarlar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131nda bozulmalarda ve hasarlarda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlenir. Bu durum kalp krizi riskini de art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Kad\u0131nlardaki \u00f6strojen hormonu kalp krizi riskine kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucudur. Bu nedenle erkeklerde ve menapoz sonras\u0131 kad\u0131nlarda kalp krizi riski daha y\u00fcksektir.<\/li>\n<li>Obezite, kan damarlar\u0131nda i\u015flev bozukluklar\u0131na, erken ya\u015flanmaya ve damar sertle\u015fmesine neden olarak kalp krizi riskini art\u0131r\u0131r<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u015finin anne, baba, karde\u015f gibi birinci derece yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda kalp krizi \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc bulunmas\u0131 kalp krizi ge\u00e7irme riskini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Karaci\u011ferde \u00fcretilen C-reaktif protein, homosistein, fibrinojen ve lipoptotein A gibi maddelerin kanda y\u00fckselmesi de kalp krizi riskini art\u0131rabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Kalp Krizi Tedavi Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kalp krizi acil bir durumdur ve belirtiler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda mutlaka tam te\u015fekk\u00fcll\u00fc bir hastaneye ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 gereklidir. Kalp krizi ile ilgili \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu kriz ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonraki ilk birka\u00e7 saat i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu nedenle hastaya tan\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 koyulmas\u0131 ve m\u00fcdahalenin do\u011fru yap\u0131lmas\u0131 hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Kalp krizi ge\u00e7iriyorsan\u0131z hemen bir yak\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve hastaneyi arayarak durumunuzu bildirin.<\/p>\n<p>Doktor gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumda hastan\u0131n damarlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek amac\u0131yla anjiyo yapabilir. Anjiyo sonucuna g\u00f6re ila\u00e7la tedavi ya da cerrahi i\u015flem olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131 doktor taraf\u0131ndan belirlenir.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"Konjestif_Kalp_Yetmezli\u011fi\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Konjestif Kalp Yetmezli\u011fi<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Konjestif Kalp Yetmezli\u011fi Nedir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Bazen kalp yetmezli\u011fi olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan konjestif kalp yetmezli\u011fi (KKY), kalp kas\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve genellikle gerekti\u011fi gibi pompalayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir durumdur. Kalbin ana pompalama odalar\u0131 (ventrik\u00fcller) b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015febilir, b\u00fcz\u00fc\u015femez (s\u0131k\u0131\u015famaz) ya da olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi gibi gev\u015feyemez (dolduramaz). Bu, \u00f6zellikle akci\u011ferlerde, bacaklarda ve kar\u0131n b\u00f6lgesinde s\u0131v\u0131 tutulumunu tetikler.<\/p>\n<p>Koroner kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunan ba\u015fl\u0131ca fakt\u00f6rler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u015ei\u015fmanl\u0131k<\/li>\n<li>Sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z beslenme<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00fcksek tansiyon<\/li>\n<li>\u015eeker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Sigara i\u00e7mek<\/li>\n<li>Fiziksel hareketsizlik.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Kalp yetmezli\u011fi ya\u015fl\u0131larda daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu bozuklu\u011fu olan insanlar i\u00e7in hayatta kalma oran\u0131, durumunun ciddiyetine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Tedaviler aras\u0131nda ila\u00e7lar, ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ve (bazen) cerrahi say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3462\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Congestive-Heart-Failure.jpg\" alt=\"Konjestif Kalp Yetmezli\u011fi\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Konjestif Kalp Yetmezli\u011fi Belirtileri <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kalbin v\u00fccuda yeterli miktarda kan pompalayamamas\u0131 sonucu akci\u011ferler ve v\u00fccudun de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6lgelerinde s\u0131v\u0131 birikimi meydana gelir. Bu durum \u00e7e\u015fitli belirtilere neden olur. Yayg\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclen belirtiler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Yorgunluk<\/li>\n<li>\u015ei\u015fme (\u00f6dem)<\/li>\n<li>H\u0131zl\u0131 kilo alma<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6ks\u00fcr\u00fck ve h\u0131r\u0131lt\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Kab\u0131zl\u0131k<\/li>\n<li>Kar\u0131n \u015fi\u015fmesi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Konjestif Kalp Yetmezli\u011fi Nedenleri<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kalp kas\u0131na direkt ya da dolayl\u0131 olarak zarar veren bir\u00e7ok nedenle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Kalp yetmezli\u011fi, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler de dahil olmak \u00fczere birka\u00e7 durumdan kaynaklanabilir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Koroner kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 kriz:<\/strong> ge\u00e7mi\u015fi bu kalp kaslar\u0131nda skarla\u015fmaya yol a\u00e7abilir ve kalp yetmezli\u011finin en yayg\u0131n nedenidir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Y\u00fcksek tansiyon (hipertansiyon)<\/strong>: atardamarlardaki y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7, kalbin daha kuvvetli bir \u015fekilde pompalamaya devam etmesi gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kalp kapak hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> hasarl\u0131 kalp kapak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 kan\u0131n geri akmas\u0131na izin verebilir veya ileri ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 engelleyebilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Do\u011fu\u015ftan kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131: <\/strong>do\u011fumdan kaynaklanan kusurlu kapaklar veya kalp odalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki anormal ileti\u015fim gibi kalp anormallikleri olabilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kardiyomiyopati:<\/strong> Kardiyomiyopati denilen kalp kas\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131nda kalp kas\u0131nda kal\u0131nla\u015fma, sertle\u015fme veya kalpte b\u00fcy\u00fcme gibi yap\u0131sal de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Miyokardit (Kalp kas\u0131 iltihab\u0131):<\/strong> vir\u00fcsler veya di\u011fer enfeksiyonlar kalp kas\u0131na zarar verebilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kalp aritmi:<\/strong> d\u00fczensiz ve h\u0131zl\u0131 kalp at\u0131\u015f\u0131, uzun bir s\u00fcre boyunca yetersiz kas\u0131lma ve kalp yetmezli\u011fine yol a\u00e7abilir<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tiroid hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> Tiroid bezi hormonu \u00e7ok fazla tiroksin \u00fcretir. Bu, kalbin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131r ve kalp yetmezli\u011fine yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Kalp yetmezli\u011fi semptomlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirebilecek fakt\u00f6rler<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Anemi<\/li>\n<li>Diyette \u00e7ok fazla tuz, s\u0131v\u0131 veya alkol<\/li>\n<li>Gebelik<\/li>\n<li>Baz\u0131 enfeksiyonlar<\/li>\n<li>B\u00f6brek hastal\u0131klar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Akci\u011fer hastal\u0131klar\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Konjestif Kalp Yetmezli\u011fi Tedavisi <\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130la\u00e7lar<\/li>\n<li>Di\u00fcretikler (a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131y\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in)<\/li>\n<li>ACE inhibit\u00f6rleri \u2013 kan damarlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mak, kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek ve sodyum ve su tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak.<\/li>\n<li>Belirli beta-blokerleri \u2013 kalp at\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatmak ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in (ACE inhibit\u00f6rleri ve beta blokerleri sa\u011fkal\u0131m\u0131 art\u0131rabilir ve hastanede yatma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilir)<\/li>\n<li>Altta yatan hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi \u2013 \u00f6rne\u011fin, y\u00fcksek tansiyon tedavisi<\/li>\n<li>Ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri \u2013 d\u00fczenli hafif fiziksel aktivite, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kilodan kurtulma, sigaray\u0131 b\u0131rakma, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tuzlu sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 beslenme d\u00fczenlerine uyma, alkol\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131tlama ve yeterli dinlenme gibi<\/li>\n<li>\u0130mplante edilebilir kalp cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n tak\u0131lmas\u0131 (kalp pili)<\/li>\n<li>Cerrahi \u2013 daralm\u0131\u015f veya s\u0131zd\u0131ran kalp kapak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in<\/li>\n<li>koroner bypass ameliyat\u0131 (baz\u0131 durumlarda)<\/li>\n<li>Kalp nakli (Son a\u015famada)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"Kalpte_Ritim_Bozuklu\u011fu\" class=\"anchor-title\"><strong>Kalpte Ritim Bozuklu\u011fu<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Kalpte ritim bozuklu\u011fu, kalbin normal at\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen elektriksel uyar\u0131lar\u0131n gerekti\u011fi gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 sonucu kalbin \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131, \u00e7ok yava\u015f veya d\u00fczensiz atmas\u0131 durumudur. Ritim bozukluklar\u0131 kalpte var olan sorunlar nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fi gibi d\u0131\u015f etkenlerle de olu\u015fabilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3466\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Rhythm-Disorder-in-the-Heart-1.jpg\" alt=\"Kalpte Ritim Bozuklu\u011fu\" width=\"976\" height=\"663\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Nedenleri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Ritim bozukluklar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok \u00e7ok fakt\u00f6re ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir. Aniden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen kalp krizi, \u00f6nceden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen kalp krizi sebebiyle olu\u015fmu\u015f kalp dokusu bozuklu\u011fu, koroner arter hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u00fcksek kan bas\u0131nc\u0131, diyabet, sigara ve alkol t\u00fcketimi, uyu\u015fturucular, stres, kullan\u0131lan ila\u00e7lar ba\u015fl\u0131ca ritim bozuklu\u011fu sebeplerindendir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Ritim bozukluklar\u0131 bay\u0131lmalar, ge\u00e7ici g\u00f6rme kayb\u0131, ba\u015f d\u00f6nmesi, kalbin yerinden \u00e7\u0131kacakm\u0131\u015f hissi gibi yak\u0131nmalarla birlikte seyrediyorsa, bu \u00e7ok tehlikeli bir duruma i\u015faret eder. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6zellikle bu t\u00fcr yak\u0131nmalarda zaman kaybetmeden mutlaka bir kardiyoloji uzman\u0131na ba\u015fvurmak gerekir. Ritim bozuklu\u011fu rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131nda, belirtiler aras\u0131nda \u00e7arp\u0131nt\u0131 hissi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Kalbin g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsten \u00e7\u0131kacakm\u0131\u015f gibi hissettirmesi hastalar\u0131n genel ifadeler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Kimler Ritim Bozuklu\u011fu i\u00e7in Risk Alt\u0131nda?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130lerleyen ya\u015ftakiler ve kad\u0131nlar<\/li>\n<li>Ailesinde ritim bozuklu\u011fu olanlar,<\/li>\n<li>Kalp damar t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar,<\/li>\n<li>Kalp kapak hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar,<\/li>\n<li>Guatr sorunu olanlar,<\/li>\n<li>Kans\u0131zl\u0131k sorunu olanlar,<\/li>\n<li>A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 uyar\u0131c\u0131 ila\u00e7 al\u0131m\u0131 veya \u00e7ay, kahve t\u00fcketimi,<\/li>\n<li>S\u0131k ve fazla miktarda alkol t\u00fcketenler risk alt\u0131ndalar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/\">Kalp Ritim Bozuklu\u011fu<\/a> Kimlerde G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ritim Bozukluklar\u0131 her ya\u015f grubundan insanda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir. Ancak ilerleyen ya\u015flarda kalpte ritim bozukluklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclme ihtimali daha fazlad\u0131r ve sahip olunan di\u011fer kalp hastal\u0131klar\u0131yla ilintili olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Genel n\u00fcfusun %2\u2019sinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen ritim bozukluklar\u0131 80 ya\u015f ve \u00fczeri n\u00fcfusun %10\u2019unda g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Acil M\u00fcdahale Gerektiren Kalp Ritim Bozuklu\u011fu T\u00fcrleri<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki durumlar acil t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahale gerektirir. M\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca h\u0131zl\u0131 tedavi edilmeleri gerekir. E\u011fer tedavi edilmezlerse, kalbin ya da beyin zarar g\u00f6rmesine hatta \u00f6l\u00fcme sebep olabilirler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Supraventrik\u00fcler aritmiler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Supraventrik\u00fcler aritmi kar\u0131nc\u0131klar\u0131n (ventrik\u00fcl) \u00fcst\u00fcnde, yani kulak\u00e7\u0131klarda (atriyum) meydana gelen aritmilerdir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da sayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z aritmi tipleri kalbin \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 atmas\u0131na neden olur ve acil m\u00fcdahale gerektirir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Atriyal fibrilasyon: <\/strong>Bu aritmi tipi en yayg\u0131n supraventrik\u00fcler aritmi tipidir. Kulak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n d\u00fczensiz ve h\u0131zl\u0131 kas\u0131lmas\u0131yla tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Bu aritmi tipi inme gibi embolik olaylara ve kalp yetmezli\u011fine neden olabilir. Cerrahi operasyon, ba\u015fka t\u00fcrden t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahaleler ve ila\u00e7la tedavi edilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Atriyal flatter: <\/strong>Bu aritmi tipi atriyal fibrilasyona \u00e7ok benzer. Aras\u0131ndaki temel fark atriyal flaterde kalbin kas\u0131lma ritminin daha d\u00fczenli olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu tip aritmi pek s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmez.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) sendromu:<\/strong> Bu hayati tehlike arz eden bir aritmi tipidir ve kar\u0131nc\u0131klar\u0131n erken kas\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olur. Kulak\u00e7\u0131k ve kar\u0131nc\u0131klar aras\u0131ndaki atriyoventrik\u00fcler d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn, normalin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir yolak (aksesuar yolak) taraf\u0131ndan baypas edilmesiyle kar\u0131nc\u0131klar\u0131n erken kas\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu meydana gelir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ventrik\u00fcler aritmiler<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Ventrik\u00fcler aritmiler kar\u0131nc\u0131klarda ba\u015flayan aritmilerdir ve genellikle acil t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahale gerektirirler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ventrik\u00fcler ta\u015fikardi:<\/strong> bu aritmi tipi h\u0131zl\u0131 kalp at\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zlanmas\u0131yla tan\u0131mlan\u0131r ve genellikle birka\u00e7 saniye s\u00fcrer. Birka\u00e7 saniyeden uzun s\u00fcren ventrik\u00fcler aritmi acil t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahale gerektirir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ventrik\u00fcler fibrilasyon<\/strong>: ventrik\u00fcler fibrilasyon \u00e7ok ciddi bir durumdur ve ani kalp durmas\u0131 (kardiyak arest) ve \u00f6l\u00fcmle sonu\u00e7lanabilir. Kalpteki elektrik sinyallerinin d\u00fczensizle\u015fmesiyle meydana gelir. Ventrik\u00fcler fibrilasyon kar\u0131nc\u0131klar\u0131n kas\u0131lmak yerine titremesine sebep olur, b\u00f6ylece kar\u0131nc\u0131klar v\u00fccuda kan pompalayamaz. V\u00fccuda kan pompalanamamas\u0131 ani kalp durmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Bradiaritmiler<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Bradiartitmilerin temel belirtisi kalp at\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n yava\u015flamas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsan v\u00fccudunun aral\u0131ks\u0131z kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Kalbin yava\u015flamas\u0131 ciddi bir sorundur. Beyne yeterli miktarda kan gitmemesi bilincin kapanmas\u0131na neden olur. Sporcular\u0131n ve d\u00fczenli olarak spor yapanlar\u0131n kalp at\u0131\u015f h\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131 normaldir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kalpleri g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr ve daha az at\u0131mla yeterli kan pompalayabilir. Ancak s\u0131radan birinin kalbinin yava\u015flamas\u0131 kalp krizi, kimyasal dengesizlikler ve tiroit bezinin faaliyetinin yava\u015flamas\u0131 gibi ciddi bir duruma yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tedavi Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ta\u015fikardi genelde ciddi bir sonuca yol a\u00e7maz ancak nadiren de olsa kalp yetmezli\u011fi, fel\u00e7, ani \u00f6l\u00fcm gibi risklere de neden olabilir. Ta\u015fikardi tedavisinde ila\u00e7lar, elektriksel y\u00f6ntemler veya cerrahi kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130la\u00e7lar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130la\u00e7lar ile \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 atan kalbi yava\u015flatabilir veya ritmi t\u00fcm\u00fcyle normale d\u00f6nd\u00fcrebilirsiniz. Bu ila\u00e7lara antiaritmikler ad\u0131 verilir. \u00c7e\u015fitli ritim d\u00fczenleyici ila\u00e7lar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kalp h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren en s\u0131k kullan\u0131lanlar beta blokerler, kalsiyum kanal blokerleri ve digoxindir. Kalp ritmini t\u00fcm\u00fcyle normale d\u00f6nd\u00fcrebilen antiaritmik ila\u00e7lar verilebilir. Bu ila\u00e7lar etkili olmakla birlikte bazen kabul edilemeyecek ciddi yan etkilere de yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Elektriksel Tedaviler<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u0130la\u00e7lar\u0131n etkisiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya yan etki yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hastalarda\u00a0 \u201ckateter ablasyonu\u201d ad\u0131 verilen y\u00f6ntem ile ritim bozukluklar\u0131 tedavi edilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu i\u015flem, hastanede elektrofizyologlar ad\u0131 verilen aritmi uzman\u0131 kardiyologlar taraf\u0131ndan uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Yine kateter kullan\u0131larak kalbin elektrik \u00fcretimine yol a\u00e7an doku par\u00e7as\u0131 tespit edilerek aritmi oda\u011f\u0131 yak\u0131labilir veya dondurulabilir.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3470\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Rhythm-Disorder-in-the-Heart.jpg\" alt=\"Kalpte Ritim Bozuklu\u011fu\" width=\"792\" height=\"720\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cerrahi Tedavi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Baz\u0131 ritim bozukluklar\u0131 ameliyat yolu ile de tedavi edilebilir, \u00f6zellikle ba\u015fka bir nedenle ameliyat edilecek olan (\u00d6rn: Bypass, kapak ameliyat\u0131) ki\u015filere operasyon s\u0131ras\u0131nda ritim bozuklu\u011fu cerrahisi de uygulanabilir.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Aritmi Cerrahisinde Kullan\u0131lan Y\u00f6ntemler<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Maze Prosed\u00fcr\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A\u00e7\u0131k cerrahi y\u00f6ntemle yap\u0131lan bu tedavi, hasta akci\u011fer makinesi deste\u011fi alt\u0131ndayken, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs kafesi ve kalp bo\u015fluklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131larak yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Etkinli\u011fi y\u00fcksek bir tedavi y\u00f6ntemi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Aritmi Tedavisinde Kalp Pili ve ICD Kalp Pili Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kalp pilleri, bir t\u00fcr programlanabilir bilgisayar \u00e7ipleri ile enerji sa\u011flayan bataryalar\u0131n kombinasyonundan olu\u015fan cihazlard\u0131r. Temel olarak g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs duvar\u0131nda k\u00f6pr\u00fcc\u00fck kemi\u011finin hemen alt\u0131nda, cilt alt\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lan bir cebe yerle\u015ftiriliyorlar. Buradan k\u00f6pr\u00fcc\u00fck kemi\u011finin alt\u0131ndan kalbe giden toplardamara i\u011fne yard\u0131m\u0131 ile girilerek kalbin i\u00e7ine \u00f6zel baz\u0131 kablolar\u0131n yerle\u015ftirilmesi ve bu kablolar\u0131n pil sistemi ile birle\u015ftirilmesi gerekiyor.<\/p>\n<p>Bu i\u015flem, 1-2 saat i\u00e7inde yap\u0131labilen, lokal anestezi kullan\u0131lan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir operasyon olarak kabul ediliyor. Ameliyathane ortam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan i\u015flem sonras\u0131 hastan\u0131n, hastanede kal\u0131\u015f s\u00fcresi 1-2 g\u00fcn aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015febiliyor.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Kalp Pili Kimlere Tak\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u00d6ncelikle ritmin yava\u015flamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an aritmilerde (hasta sin\u00fcs sendromu, AV blok)\u00a0 gibi durumlarda hastalar\u0131n \u015fikayetlerini gidermek i\u00e7in tak\u0131l\u0131yor. Genelde tek odac\u0131kl\u0131 (tek kablo) ve iki odac\u0131kl\u0131 (iki kablo) t\u00fcrleri bulunuyor.<\/p>\n<p>Son 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ise kalp yetmezli\u011fi ve kalbin ileti sisteminde iletinin gecikmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, kalbin sol taraf\u0131 ile sa\u011f taraf\u0131 aras\u0131nda uyumsuzlu\u011fun oldu\u011fu hastalarda ise kalp h\u0131z\u0131nda yava\u015flama olmasa bile kalp yetmezli\u011fi tedavisi amac\u0131 ile \u00fc\u00e7 odac\u0131kl\u0131 kalp pilleri de tak\u0131labiliyor.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kalp_pili\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kalp pil<\/a>leri ile kalbin kulak\u00e7\u0131k ile kar\u0131nc\u0131k, iki kar\u0131nc\u0131k aras\u0131 ve sol kar\u0131nc\u0131\u011f\u0131n duvarlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bozulmu\u015f olan uyumlu elektriksel uyar\u0131n\u0131n tekrar sa\u011flanmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Hastalar\u0131n ortalama 5-6 y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00f6m\u00fcrleri olan pillerden fayda g\u00f6rme oranlar\u0131 y\u00fczde 70 ile 90 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ICD (kardiyoverter defibrillat\u00f6r) Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kalp pili benzeri, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan programlanabilen kalp pillerine benzeyen cihazlard\u0131r. Kalp pilleri gibi kalp h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n yava\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda kalbi uyarmak d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ayn\u0131 zamanda hayati tehlike arz eden ritim bozukluklar\u0131 durumunda, bu aritmilerin tan\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 koyup tedavisinde uygulanabilecek \u015fok tedavisi gibi tedavileri otomatik olarak sa\u011fl\u0131yorlar. Hastaya uygulama bi\u00e7imi kalp piline \u00e7ok benziyor.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"SxYm1G5T04\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/kalp-ritim-bozuklugu\/\">Kalp Ritim Bozuklu\u011fu<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Kalp Ritim Bozuklu\u011fu&#8221; &#8212; Turkey Istanbul Medical\" src=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/kalp-ritim-bozuklugu\/embed\/#?secret=SxYm1G5T04\" data-secret=\"SxYm1G5T04\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Koroner Arter Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 Koroner arter hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (kalp damar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131), en s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kalp hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor.\u00a0 Olu\u015fturdu\u011fu hayati riskleriyle dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Zaman\u0131nda fark edilmez ve \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmazsa, kalp krizine gidecek bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ya\u015fanabiliyor. Erken tan\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirilen ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n olu\u015fma riskini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Koroner Arterler Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar? Kalbiniz devaml\u0131 pompa i\u015flevi g\u00f6rerek t\u00fcm v\u00fccudunuzun kan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":208,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"portfolio_category":[392],"portfolio_tag":[434,429,431,438,436,432,428,430,435,433,375,437],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.5 (Yoast SEO v18.4.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Kalp Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 - Turkey Istanbul Medical<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Koroner Arterler Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar? Kalbiniz devaml\u0131 pompa i\u015flevi g\u00f6rerek t\u00fcm v\u00fccudunuzun kan ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu i\u015fi yapmak i\u00e7in kalbin kendisi de\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/kalp-hastaliklari\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kalp Hastal\u0131klar\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Koroner Arterler Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar? Kalbiniz devaml\u0131 pompa i\u015flevi g\u00f6rerek t\u00fcm v\u00fccudunuzun kan ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu i\u015fi yapmak i\u00e7in kalbin kendisi de\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/kalp-hastaliklari\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Turkey Istanbul Medical\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-09-25T11:44:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Aort-Kapak-Hastaliklari2-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1440\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"43 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Turkey Istanbul Medical\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/\",\"sameAs\":[],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/#logo\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr-TR\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/cropped-TIM-1-1-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/cropped-TIM-1-1-1.png\",\"width\":394,\"height\":324,\"caption\":\"Turkey Istanbul Medical\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/#logo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/\",\"name\":\"Turkey Istanbul Medical\",\"description\":\"Healthcare consulting - Best Doctors and Hospital Istanbul\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr-TR\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/kalp-hastaliklari\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr-TR\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Aort-Kapak-Hastaliklari2-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Aort-Kapak-Hastaliklari2-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1440,\"caption\":\"Kalp Hastal\u0131klar\u0131\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/kalp-hastaliklari\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/kalp-hastaliklari\/\",\"name\":\"Kalp Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 - Turkey Istanbul Medical\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/kalp-hastaliklari\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-08-23T12:13:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-09-25T11:44:32+00:00\",\"description\":\"Koroner Arterler Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar? Kalbiniz devaml\u0131 pompa i\u015flevi g\u00f6rerek t\u00fcm v\u00fccudunuzun kan ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu i\u015fi yapmak i\u00e7in kalbin kendisi de\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/kalp-hastaliklari\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr-TR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/kalp-hastaliklari\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/kalp-hastaliklari\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Portfolio\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Kalp Hastal\u0131klar\u0131\"}]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Kalp Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 - Turkey Istanbul Medical","description":"Koroner Arterler Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar? Kalbiniz devaml\u0131 pompa i\u015flevi g\u00f6rerek t\u00fcm v\u00fccudunuzun kan ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu i\u015fi yapmak i\u00e7in kalbin kendisi de","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/kalp-hastaliklari\/","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Kalp Hastal\u0131klar\u0131","og_description":"Koroner Arterler Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar? Kalbiniz devaml\u0131 pompa i\u015flevi g\u00f6rerek t\u00fcm v\u00fccudunuzun kan ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu i\u015fi yapmak i\u00e7in kalbin kendisi de","og_url":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/kalp-hastaliklari\/","og_site_name":"Turkey Istanbul Medical","article_modified_time":"2021-09-25T11:44:32+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1440,"url":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Aort-Kapak-Hastaliklari2-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"43 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/#organization","name":"Turkey Istanbul Medical","url":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/","sameAs":[],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/#logo","inLanguage":"tr-TR","url":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/cropped-TIM-1-1-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/cropped-TIM-1-1-1.png","width":394,"height":324,"caption":"Turkey Istanbul Medical"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/#logo"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/","name":"Turkey Istanbul Medical","description":"Healthcare consulting - Best Doctors and Hospital Istanbul","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"tr-TR"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/kalp-hastaliklari\/#primaryimage","inLanguage":"tr-TR","url":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Aort-Kapak-Hastaliklari2-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Aort-Kapak-Hastaliklari2-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1440,"caption":"Kalp Hastal\u0131klar\u0131"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/kalp-hastaliklari\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/kalp-hastaliklari\/","name":"Kalp Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 - Turkey Istanbul Medical","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/kalp-hastaliklari\/#primaryimage"},"datePublished":"2019-08-23T12:13:58+00:00","dateModified":"2021-09-25T11:44:32+00:00","description":"Koroner Arterler Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar? Kalbiniz devaml\u0131 pompa i\u015flevi g\u00f6rerek t\u00fcm v\u00fccudunuzun kan ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu i\u015fi yapmak i\u00e7in kalbin kendisi de","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/kalp-hastaliklari\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"tr-TR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/kalp-hastaliklari\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/kalp-hastaliklari\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Portfolio","item":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/portfolio\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Kalp Hastal\u0131klar\u0131"}]}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio\/302"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/portfolio"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=302"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio\/302\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6583,"href":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio\/302\/revisions\/6583"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/208"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=302"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"portfolio_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_category?post=302"},{"taxonomy":"portfolio_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkeyistanbulmedical.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_tag?post=302"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}